Macromolecules Flashcards
What is a typical cell made of?
Macromolecules, water, and ions
What are the kinds of macromolecules?
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates such as polysaccharides, and lipids.
Functions of __________:
- Enzymes that carry out chemical reactions
- Molecule transporters
- Signaling molecules used to communicate information to other cells
- Receptors that sense and respond to signals
- Structure
Protein
Proteins (aka ___________) are …
Polypeptides, chains of amino acid
Amino acids are proteins _________.
Monomer
The four parts of an amino acid are …
The amino group, carboxyl group, the central carbon, and the R group
A polymer of amino acids would be joined by ________ bonds.
Peptide
When it comes to amino acids the _______ group is variable.
R
Carbohydrates are made of …
Carbon and water
A polymer of glucose is held together by ________ bonds.
Glycosidic
Polymers of glucose include:
- _________: Structural component of cell walls in plants
- _________: Energy storage in plants
- _________: Energy storage in animals
Cellulose, starch, glycogen
The purpose of nucleic acids is to …
Store and transmit genetic information
Nucleotide polymers are connected by …
Phosphodiester linkage
_________ structure is characterized by:
- Double-stranded helix
- Sugar-phosphate backbone
- Bases interact using hydrogen bonds
DNA
RNA molecules are typically …
Single stranded
