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BS 161 > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics of life do cells show?

A

Complexity and organization, harnessing material and energy from the environment, responding to signals in the environment, ability to reproduce, use DNA to store and transmit data

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2
Q

Transformation is defined as …

A

The transfer of biological characteristics form one cell to another

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3
Q

Define virulent:

A

The ability to infect and harm an organism

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4
Q

RNase destroys …

A

RNA

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5
Q

Protease destroys …

A

Proteins

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6
Q

DNase destroys

A

DNA

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7
Q

Genotype is the …

A

Genetic information

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8
Q

Phenotype is the …

A

Observable traits

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9
Q

The four types of nucleotides in DNA are …

A

A, C, T, and G

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10
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Template for _________ _________ transcription

A

DNA, nucleic acid (DNA)

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11
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Product of _________ _________ transcription

A

RNA, nucleic acid (RNA)

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12
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Enzyme that carries _________ _________ out transcription

A

RNA, polymerase Protein

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13
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Sequence that
indicates where
transcription starts
_________ _________

A

Promoter, nucleic acid (DNA)

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14
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Sequence that
indicates where
transcription ends
_________ _________

A

Terminator, Nucleic acid (DNA)

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15
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
DNA-binding
molecules that help
control when
transcription of a
gene will occur
_________ _________

A

Transcription factor, protein

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16
Q

In transcription, information in ________ is used to make ________. Transcription is carried out by _________.

A

DNA, RNA, RNA polymerases

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17
Q

In translation, information in ________ is used to make a ________. Translation is carried out by the ________.

A

RNA, Protein, Ribosome

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18
Q

The sequences in the genetic code table correspond to ________ in the mRNA.

A

Amino acids

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19
Q

Start codon: ________

A

AUG

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20
Q

Stop codons: ________

A

UAA,UAG,UGA

21
Q

What kind of covalent bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide sequence?

22
Q

What class of macromolecule is a tRNA?

A

Nucleic acid

23
Q

In the ribosome, tRNA molecules interact with ________ (type of molecule) using ________.

A

Amino acids, hydrogen bonds

24
Q

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases:

A

Help attach amino acids to uncharged tRNAs

25
Only a ________ tRNA can be used in translation.
uncharged
26
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) Contains codons to be translated _________ _________
mRNA, Nucleic acid (RNA)
27
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) Contains an anticodon and carries the amino acid to the ribosome _________ _________
tRNA, Nucleic acid (RNA)
28
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) _________ _________
Ribosome, nucleic acid (RNA) + protein
29
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) Attaches the correct amino acid to the tRNA _________ _________
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, protein
30
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) When a stop codon is reached, causes the polypeptide to release from the tRNA to end translation _________ _________
Release factor, protein
31
Name of Macromolecular class of Function in molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription carbohydrate, nucleic acid) The product of translation _________ _________
Polypeptide, protein
32
The sequence of amino acid is determined by ...
DNA
33
Amino acids are joined by ...
peptide bonds
34
In the ribosome, tRNA molecule interact with ___________ (type of molecule) using ___________ (type of intermolecular force).
mRNA codons, hydrogen bonding interactions
35
If a tRNA molecule has the sequence 3'-GUU-5', the mRNA codon this tRNA could bind to is __________ and the amino acid the tRNA would carry is _________ because ...
5'-CAA-3', Gin, in the genetic code table, 5'-CAA-3' corresponds to Gin
36
In protein folding the primary structure is the sequence of ...
Amino acids
37
The secondary structure results from interactions of nearby ...
Amino acids
38
In protein folding secondary structures form when __________ occur between atoms that are part of the __________ in different regions of protein (not R groups).
Hydrogen bonds, polypeptide backbone
39
Interaction between R groups in a polypeptide lead to the _________ in protein.
Tertiary structure
40
_________: - Can contain multiple secondary structures - Functional form of the protein
Tertiary structure
41
_________ determine the shape of the 3D protein.
Intramolecular
42
DNA is the material within the ...
Chromosome
43
Chromosome:
Structures of genetic material
44
Centromere:
A structure that is typically found near the middle of the chromosome and plays a key role in cell division.
45
Gene:
Specific DNA sequences in chromosomes
46
Template strand:
The DNA sequence that can duplicate itself during mRNA synthesis
47
Codon:
A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
48
Location of transcription in each cell type: 1. Eukaryotes: 2. Prokaryotes (bacteria):
Nucleus, cytosol

BS 161 (21 decks)

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