Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BS 161 > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics of life do cells show?

A

Complexity and organization, harnessing material and energy from the environment, responding to signals in the environment, ability to reproduce, use DNA to store and transmit data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transformation is defined as …

A

The transfer of biological characteristics form one cell to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define virulent:

A

The ability to infect and harm an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RNase destroys …

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protease destroys …

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNase destroys

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Genotype is the …

A

Genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenotype is the …

A

Observable traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The four types of nucleotides in DNA are …

A

A, C, T, and G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Template for _________ _________ transcription

A

DNA, nucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Product of _________ _________ transcription

A

RNA, nucleic acid (RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Enzyme that carries _________ _________ out transcription

A

RNA, polymerase Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Sequence that
indicates where
transcription starts
_________ _________

A

Promoter, nucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Sequence that
indicates where
transcription ends
_________ _________

A

Terminator, Nucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
DNA-binding
molecules that help
control when
transcription of a
gene will occur
_________ _________

A

Transcription factor, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In transcription, information in ________ is used to make ________. Transcription is carried out by _________.

A

DNA, RNA, RNA polymerases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In translation, information in ________ is used to make a ________. Translation is carried out by the ________.

A

RNA, Protein, Ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The sequences in the genetic code table correspond to ________ in the mRNA.

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Start codon: ________

A

AUG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stop codons: ________

A

UAA,UAG,UGA

21
Q

What kind of covalent bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide sequence?

A

Peptide

22
Q

What class of macromolecule is a tRNA?

A

Nucleic acid

23
Q

In the ribosome, tRNA molecules interact with ________ (type of molecule) using ________.

A

Amino acids, hydrogen bonds

24
Q

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases:

A

Help attach amino acids to uncharged tRNAs

25
Q

Only a ________ tRNA can be used in translation.

A

uncharged

26
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Contains codons
to be translated
_________ _________

A

mRNA, Nucleic acid (RNA)

27
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Contains an
anticodon and
carries the amino
acid to the ribosome

_________ _________

A

tRNA, Nucleic acid (RNA)

28
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)

_________ _________

A

Ribosome, nucleic acid (RNA) + protein

29
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
Attaches the correct
amino acid to
the tRNA
_________ _________

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, protein

30
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
When a stop codon
is reached, causes
the polypeptide
to release from
the tRNA to end
translation
_________ _________

A

Release factor, protein

31
Q

Name of Macromolecular class of Function in
molecule molecule(protein, lipid, transcription
carbohydrate, nucleic acid)
The product of
translation
_________ _________

A

Polypeptide, protein

32
Q

The sequence of amino acid is determined by …

A

DNA

33
Q

Amino acids are joined by …

A

peptide bonds

34
Q

In the ribosome, tRNA molecule interact with ___________ (type of molecule) using ___________ (type of intermolecular force).

A

mRNA codons, hydrogen bonding interactions

35
Q

If a tRNA molecule has the sequence 3’-GUU-5’, the mRNA codon this tRNA could bind to is __________ and the amino acid the tRNA would carry is _________ because …

A

5’-CAA-3’, Gin, in the genetic code table, 5’-CAA-3’ corresponds to Gin

36
Q

In protein folding the primary structure is the sequence of …

A

Amino acids

37
Q

The secondary structure results from interactions of nearby …

A

Amino acids

38
Q

In protein folding secondary structures form when __________ occur between atoms that are part of the __________ in different regions of protein (not R groups).

A

Hydrogen bonds, polypeptide backbone

39
Q

Interaction between R groups in a polypeptide lead to the _________ in protein.

A

Tertiary structure

40
Q

_________:
- Can contain multiple secondary structures
- Functional form of the protein

A

Tertiary structure

41
Q

_________ determine the shape of the 3D protein.

A

Intramolecular

42
Q

DNA is the material within the …

A

Chromosome

43
Q

Chromosome:

A

Structures of genetic material

44
Q

Centromere:

A

A structure that is typically found near the middle of the chromosome and plays a key role in cell division.

45
Q

Gene:

A

Specific DNA sequences in chromosomes

46
Q

Template strand:

A

The DNA sequence that can duplicate itself during mRNA synthesis

47
Q

Codon:

A

A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

48
Q

Location of transcription in each cell type:
1. Eukaryotes:
2. Prokaryotes (bacteria):

A

Nucleus, cytosol

BS 161 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions