Bioenergetics and Enzymes Flashcards
Forms of energy: …
Solar energy (kinetic), chemical energy (potential), heat (kinetic)
Releases energy: …
System proceeding towards equilibrium
Requires energy: …
System proceeding away from equilibrium
Cells don’t maintain equilibrium because …
A cell at equilibrium cannot do work, but disequilibrium conditions can provide potential energy for useful work required for a cell to survive
When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium, the forward reaction occurs _________ as the reverse reaction.
At the same rate
Terms associated with positive ΔG:
Energetically unfavorable, energy input required, endergonic (note - this is not the same as endothermic!), non-spontaneous (because it requires net energy input)
Terms associated with negative ΔG: …
Energetically favorable, energy released, exergonic (note - this is not the same as exothermic!), spontaneous (because it does not require net energy input)
If a reaction has a negative ΔG, over time there will be net production of …
Products
If a reaction has a positive ΔG, over time there will be net production of …
Reactants
For an energetically _________ process to occur in a cell, it must be energetically coupled to an energetically _________ process.
Unfavorable, favorable
For energetic coupling to work successfully, the overall free energy change for the coupled processes must be _________.
Negative
Many energetically ________ processes are coupled to a reaction of ATP -> ADP, because under cellular conditions, ATP -> ADP + Pi is ________.
Unfavorable, favorable
Activation energy: …
The energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction
Transition state: …
The highest energy state of the reaction, often an unstable state, after which products are formed
