Membranes, Compartments, and Transportation

Question 1

Where are cellular membranes?
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:

Answer 1

Cell surface (plasma membrane), Cell surface (plasma membrane) and internal membranes

Question 2

Examples of components of cellular membranes
Lipids:
Membrane proteins:

Answer 2

Phospholipids, cholesterol
Transporters, receptors, enzymes

Question 3

______________:
A characteristic of cell membranes due to membrane
lipids and membrane proteins moving around within a single layer of the bilayer membrane

Answer 3

Membrane fluidity

Question 4

Phospholipids contain a polar and a non-polar region and therefore they are named _________ molecules.

Answer 4

Amphipathic

Question 5

In phospholipids, the head is polar/nonpolar, while its tail is polar/nonpolar.

Answer 5

Polar, nonpolar

Question 6

[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Temperature | ________ | _______

Answer 6

Warmer, colder

Question 7

[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Length of | |
phospholipid | ________ | _______
fatty acid tail

Answer 7

Short tails, Long tails

Question 8

[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Saturation of | |
phospholipid | ________ | _______
fatty acid tail

Answer 8

Unsaturated fatty acids, Saturated fatty acids

Question 9

The membrane is a natural barrier to _______ because
the membrane’s interior contains _______.

Answer 9

Polar and charged molecules, nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules

Question 10

____________:
1. House together molecules that relate to a specific process
2. Separate actions that oppose each other (synthesis and breakdown of molecules)
3. Internal membranes increase the space available for processes that occur across a membrane (parts of respiration & photosynthesis)

Answer 10

Why compartments are beneficial to cells

Question 11

[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
________________|___________________|___________________
Has a Nucleus?| ________ | ________

Answer 11

No (nucleoid region), Yes

Question 12

[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Cellular | |
Location of | |
Transcription | ________ | ________

Answer 12

Cytosol, nucleus

Question 13

[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Cellular | |
Location of | |
Translation | ________ | ________

Answer 13

Cytosol, cytosol

Question 14

[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Approximate | |
Size | ________ | ________

Answer 14

Smaller (1-2 micrometers), Larger (10-100
micrometers)

Question 15

[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Internal | |
Organization | ________ | ________

Answer 15

No membrane-enclosed organelles, has membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 16

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Ribosome | ________ | ________

Answer 16

Translation, Polypeptides

Question 17

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Nucleus | ________ | ________

Answer 17

Stores the genomic DNA and is the site of transcription,
RNA

Question 18

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Endoplasmic | Rough ER: |
Reticulum | ________ | ________

Answer 18

Site of translation for endomembrane, plasma membrane, and secreted proteins
Proteins and lipids

Question 19

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Endoplasmic | Smooth ER: |
Reticulum | ________ | ________

Answer 19

Synthesizes lipids, proteins and lipids

Question 20

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Golgi | |
Apparatus | ________ | ________

Answer 20

Synthesizes lipids,

Question 21

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Lysosomes | ________ | ________

Answer 21

Hydrolyzes macromolecules and unneeded cellular components, monomeric building blocks and other breakdown products

Question 22

[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Mitochondria | ________ | ________

Answer 22

Site of cellular respiration to
convert energy of sugars and
fats into ATP, ATP