Membranes, Compartments, and Transportation Flashcards
Where are cellular membranes?
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:
Cell surface (plasma membrane), Cell surface (plasma membrane) and internal membranes
Examples of components of cellular membranes
Lipids:
Membrane proteins:
Phospholipids, cholesterol
Transporters, receptors, enzymes
______________:
A characteristic of cell membranes due to membrane
lipids and membrane proteins moving around within a single layer of the bilayer membrane
Membrane fluidity
Phospholipids contain a polar and a non-polar region and therefore they are named _________ molecules.
Amphipathic
In phospholipids, the head is polar/nonpolar, while its tail is polar/nonpolar.
Polar, nonpolar
[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Temperature | ________ | _______
Warmer, colder
[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Length of | |
phospholipid | ________ | _______
fatty acid tail
Short tails, Long tails
[ Membrane Fluidity ]
Variable | Increases fluidity | Decreases fluidity
______________|____________________|____________________
Saturation of | |
phospholipid | ________ | _______
fatty acid tail
Unsaturated fatty acids, Saturated fatty acids
The membrane is a natural barrier to _______ because
the membrane’s interior contains _______.
Polar and charged molecules, nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules
____________:
1. House together molecules that relate to a specific process
2. Separate actions that oppose each other (synthesis and breakdown of molecules)
3. Internal membranes increase the space available for processes that occur across a membrane (parts of respiration & photosynthesis)
Why compartments are beneficial to cells
[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
________________|___________________|___________________
Has a Nucleus?| ________ | ________
No (nucleoid region), Yes
[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Cellular | |
Location of | |
Transcription | ________ | ________
Cytosol, nucleus
[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Cellular | |
Location of | |
Translation | ________ | ________
Cytosol, cytosol
[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Approximate | |
Size | ________ | ________
Smaller (1-2 micrometers), Larger (10-100
micrometers)
[ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ]
| Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
_______________|___________________|___________________
Internal | |
Organization | ________ | ________
No membrane-enclosed organelles, has membrane-enclosed organelles
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Ribosome | ________ | ________
Translation, Polypeptides
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Nucleus | ________ | ________
Stores the genomic DNA and is the site of transcription,
RNA
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Endoplasmic | Rough ER: |
Reticulum | ________ | ________
Site of translation for endomembrane, plasma membrane, and secreted proteins
Proteins and lipids
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Endoplasmic | Smooth ER: |
Reticulum | ________ | ________
Synthesizes lipids, proteins and lipids
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Golgi | |
Apparatus | ________ | ________
Synthesizes lipids,
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Lysosomes | ________ | ________
Hydrolyzes macromolecules and unneeded cellular components, monomeric building blocks and other breakdown products
[ Eukaryotic Cell Compartments ]
Organelle/cell | Major Function | Product of major
structure | | function
_______________|___________________|___________________
Mitochondria | ________ | ________
Site of cellular respiration to
convert energy of sugars and
fats into ATP, ATP
