Regulation of Blood Glucose Flashcards
What is the main role of glucose in the body?
Primary energy source - respiration
Which organs in the body take in excess glucose and stores it?
Liver and muscle cells
What polysaccharide is glucose turned into for storage?
Glycogen
Which organ releases the hormone that control blood sugar levels?
Pancreas
What hormone is releases when blood glucose levels are too high?
Insulin
What hormone is released when the blood glucose levels are too low?
Glucagon
What is the condition/disease where a person cannot control their blood sugar levels properly?
Diabetes
What is the difference between diabetes 1 and diabetes 2?
Type 1 - not result of lifestyle choices, autoimmune condition body doesn’t produce insulin.
Type 2 - due to excessive glucose consumption resistant to insulin.
What is glucose?
A simple carbohydrate - a small soluble molecule (monosaccharide)
What is glycogen?
The storage polymer in animals formed from hundreds of of glucose molecules
What is it called when glucose is stored as glycogen?
Glycogenesis
What is it called when glycogen is broken down to glucose?
Glycogenolysis
What is low blood sugar called?
Hypoglycaemia
What is high blood sugar called?
Hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia
Why do people release glycogen in their urine?
Kidney filter blood - too much to reabsorb
What are the risk factors of type 1 diabetes?
Genetics, autoimmune response killing beta cells
What are the risks factors of type 2 diabetes?
Sedentary life style, high levels of fats and sugar
Obesity, age
