nucleic acids Flashcards
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
what does ATP contain
3 phosphate groups
pentose sugar - ribose
nitrogenous base - a,t,g,c
what is the function of ATP
releases energy e.g for active transport by breaking a bond between the phosphate groups
how is ATP formed
during respiration
when does ATP release energy
when hydrolysed a bond between 2 and 3 phosphate group is broken
how is ADP different
contains only 2 phosphate groups plus energy
what is cellular respiration
energy is released from glucose in respiration and this turns ADP back into ATP
ATP is called the … energy currency. it is used to transfer and release energy in all living … the third phosphate has an … bond. when this bond is … energy is released. energy is required for cell processes like … …
universal
organisms
unstable
hydrolysed
active transport
what does ADP stand for
adenosine di phosphate
how does ADP turn back into ATP
using energy released from reacting glucose with oxygen in respiration
what do nucleic acids make
proteins
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
what does DNA contain
phosphate group
pentose sugar - deoxyribose
nitrogenous base - a,t,g,c
which bases are purine
adenine and guanine
which bases are pyrimidines
cytosine and thymine
how many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine
2
how many hydrogen bonds are between cytosine and guanine
3
where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells
nucleus
what shape is DNA
double helix
a molecule of DNA is formed by millions of … joined together in a long strand by … reactions
nucleotides
condensation
the … … strands are on the outside. the two strands are held together by … bonds between complementary base …
sugar phosphate
hydrogen
pairs
how do the strands of DNA run
antiparallel
when do phosphate bonds form
condensation reactions
what does DNA code for
proteins and genetic codes
what does RNA stand for
ribonucleic acid
what does RNA contain
phosphate group
pentose sugar - ribose
nitrogenous base - a,u,g,c
what nitrogenous base replaces thymine
uracil
what are the functions of RNA
short polynucleotides
single stranded
protein synthesis
what does mRNA do
is a messenger - that is formed in nucleus and carries code for a protein from DNA to ribsomes
what does tRNA do
transfers - brings amino acids to ribosomes and puts them in correct order, in poly peptide chain
what does rRNA do
ribosomal - makes up part of a ribosome (made in nucleus)
what is the structure of tRNA
clover shape with 3 anticodon bases
what is the shape of RNA
single helix
what does triple codon read in
3
