Regional Trauma Flashcards
what criteria must be met before a c-spine collar can be taken off?
no loss of consciousness, GCS 15 no alcohol, no other distracting injury, no neurological symptoms, no tenderness on palpation of c-spin, no pain on gentle movement
indications for surgery on a spinal fracture ..
neurological deficit, unstable injury pattern
what is spinal shock
physiologic response to injury, loss of sensation and motor function below the level of injury, usually resolves within 24 hours
what is bulbocavernous reflex
reflex contraction of the anal sphincter
what is neurogenic shock
usually occurs secondary to temporary shutdown of sympathetic outflow from the cord from T1-L2
what is a complete spinal cord injury
no nerve function below the level of the injury.
how is the level of injury determined
most distal spinal level with partial function
what is an incomplete spinal injury
some neurologic function is present distal to the point of injury
what is central cord syndrome
most common injury pattern, usually occurs from an hyperextension injury. loss of movement pain and temperature
what is anterior cord syndrome
loss of motor function, coarse touch, pain and temperature
what is brown sequard syndrome
hemisection of cord. ipsilateral paralysis
what are the patterns of pelvis fracture
lateral compression, vertical shear, anteroposterior compression
how does a lateral compression fracture of the pelvis occur
side impact, hemipelvis displaced medially
how does a vertical shear fracture of the pelvis occur
axial force on one hemipelvis, fall from a height. hemipelvis displaced superiorly
how does an anteroposterior compression injury occur
open book pelvic fracture, can cause major blood loss
what nerve can be effected by anterior shoulder dislocation
axillary nerve as it passes through the quadrilateral space
what is a bankart repair
reattachment of the torn labrum and capsule
what X-ray sign is seen on a posterior shoulder dislocation
lightbulb sign: humeral head is so internally rotated
how do we treat an olecranon fracture
tension band wiring, plate and screws. depending on the type of fracture
what is a nightstick fracture
fracture of the ulnar shaft
what is a Monteggia injury
fracture of the ulnae with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow
what is a galeazzi fracture dislocation
fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint
what is a colles fracture
extra articular fracture of the distal radius within an inch of the articular surface
what is a specific late complication of a colles fracture
rupture of the extensor pollicis longus
what is a smiths fracture
volarly displaced extra articular fracture of the distal radius. fall onto the back of a flexed wrist
what is a batons fracture
intra-articular fracture of the distal radius involving dorsal/volar rim. carpal bones sublux
describe the presentation and management of a scaphoid fracture
tenderness and pain. 4 X-ray views taken( AP lateral and 2 oblique)
volar injuries to the hand risk damage to what structures
flexor tendons, digital nerves and digital arteries
dorsal injuries to the hand risk damage to what structures
extensor tendons
what is mallet finger
avulsion of the extensor tendon
