Regional Trauma

Question 1

what criteria must be met before a c-spine collar can be taken off?

Answer 1

no loss of consciousness, GCS 15 no alcohol, no other distracting injury, no neurological symptoms, no tenderness on palpation of c-spin, no pain on gentle movement

Question 2

indications for surgery on a spinal fracture ..

Answer 2

neurological deficit, unstable injury pattern

Question 3

what is spinal shock

Answer 3

physiologic response to injury, loss of sensation and motor function below the level of injury, usually resolves within 24 hours

Question 4

what is bulbocavernous reflex

Answer 4

reflex contraction of the anal sphincter

Question 5

what is neurogenic shock

Answer 5

usually occurs secondary to temporary shutdown of sympathetic outflow from the cord from T1-L2

Question 6

what is a complete spinal cord injury

Answer 6

no nerve function below the level of the injury.

Question 7

how is the level of injury determined

Answer 7

most distal spinal level with partial function

Question 8

what is an incomplete spinal injury

Answer 8

some neurologic function is present distal to the point of injury

Question 9

what is central cord syndrome

Answer 9

most common injury pattern, usually occurs from an hyperextension injury. loss of movement pain and temperature

Question 10

what is anterior cord syndrome

Answer 10

loss of motor function, coarse touch, pain and temperature

Question 11

what is brown sequard syndrome

Answer 11

hemisection of cord. ipsilateral paralysis

Question 12

what are the patterns of pelvis fracture

Answer 12

lateral compression, vertical shear, anteroposterior compression

Question 13

how does a lateral compression fracture of the pelvis occur

Answer 13

side impact, hemipelvis displaced medially

Question 14

how does a vertical shear fracture of the pelvis occur

Answer 14

axial force on one hemipelvis, fall from a height. hemipelvis displaced superiorly

Question 15

how does an anteroposterior compression injury occur

Answer 15

open book pelvic fracture, can cause major blood loss

Question 16

what nerve can be effected by anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 16

axillary nerve as it passes through the quadrilateral space

Question 17

what is a bankart repair

Answer 17

reattachment of the torn labrum and capsule

Question 18

what X-ray sign is seen on a posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 18

lightbulb sign: humeral head is so internally rotated

Question 19

how do we treat an olecranon fracture

Answer 19

tension band wiring, plate and screws. depending on the type of fracture

Question 20

what is a nightstick fracture

Answer 20

fracture of the ulnar shaft

Question 21

what is a Monteggia injury

Answer 21

fracture of the ulnae with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow

Question 22

what is a galeazzi fracture dislocation

Answer 22

fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint

Question 23

what is a colles fracture

Answer 23

extra articular fracture of the distal radius within an inch of the articular surface

Question 24

what is a specific late complication of a colles fracture

Answer 24

rupture of the extensor pollicis longus

Question 25

what is a smiths fracture

Answer 25

volarly displaced extra articular fracture of the distal radius. fall onto the back of a flexed wrist

Question 26

what is a batons fracture

Answer 26

intra-articular fracture of the distal radius involving dorsal/volar rim. carpal bones sublux

Question 27

describe the presentation and management of a scaphoid fracture

Answer 27

tenderness and pain. 4 X-ray views taken( AP lateral and 2 oblique)

Question 28

volar injuries to the hand risk damage to what structures

Answer 28

flexor tendons, digital nerves and digital arteries

Question 29

dorsal injuries to the hand risk damage to what structures

Answer 29

extensor tendons

Question 30

what is mallet finger

Answer 30

avulsion of the extensor tendon