Pathology

Question 1

what is the most common benign bone tumour?

Answer 1

osteochondroma

Question 2

what bone tumour produces a bony outgrowth with a cartilaginous cap?

Answer 2

oesteochondroma

Question 3

an intramedullary and metaphysical cartilaginous tumour

Answer 3

enchondroma

Question 4

an enchondroma is caused by

Answer 4

failure of normal enchondral ossification at the growth plate

Question 5

single cavity benign fluid filled cyst is a bone is called?

Answer 5

a simple bone cyst

Question 6

what does an aneurysmal bone cyst contain?

Answer 6

lots of chambers filled with blood or serum

Question 7

simple bone cysts usually occur in the

Answer 7

physis

Question 8

aneurysmal bone cysts usually occur in the

Answer 8

metaphyses

Question 9

typical giant cell tumour appearance on an X-ray

Answer 9

soap bubble appearance

Question 10

shepherds crook deformity is seen in ..

Answer 10

fibrous dysplasia

Question 11

fibrous dysplasia is most common in what time of life

Answer 11

adolescence

Question 12

describe osteoid osteoma

Answer 12

small nidus of immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo, most common in adolescence

Question 13

most common malignant bone tumour

Answer 13

osteosarcoma

Question 14

most common sites for osteosarcoma

Answer 14

jaw, shoulder, hip, femur, knee

Question 15

what is a chondrosarcoma

Answer 15

cartilage producing primary bone tumour

Question 16

two types of fibrous malignant primary bone tumours which occur in abnormal bone

Answer 16

fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Question 17

what is ewings sarcoma

Answer 17

tumour of the primitive cells in the marrow, second most common

Question 18

what does removal of bone tumour require

Answer 18

removal with wife margins of 3-4cm and a cuff of normal muscle

Question 19

what cancers of the lymphatic system can present as bone lesions

Answer 19

lymphoma and myeloma

Question 20

what cancers are most likely to metastasise to bone?

Answer 20

breast, prostate, lung, renal cell, thyroid

Question 21

what is a ganglion cyst?

Answer 21

occurs around a synovial joint

Question 22

Describe AVN

Answer 22

ischaemic necrosis of bone, mainly in adults

Question 23

sites prone to AVN

Answer 23

femoral head, femoral condyles, humerus head, capitellum, proximal pole of scaphoid and talus