Histology

Question 1

cell membrane of a muscle is called

Answer 1

sarcolemma

Question 2

muscles are grouped into

Answer 2

fascicles

Question 3

connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole is called

Answer 3

epimysium

Question 4

connective tissue around a single fascicle is called

Answer 4

perimysium

Question 5

connective tissue around a muscle single fibre

Answer 5

endomysium

Question 6

the thick protein muscle fibre is

Answer 6

myosin

Question 7

the thin protein muscle fibre is

Answer 7

actin

Question 8

what is the purpose of the z line

Answer 8

attaches actin filaments from the adjacent fibre. binds sarcomeres together

Question 9

what is the A band?

Answer 9

myosin filament length

Question 10

what is the I line?

Answer 10

actin

Question 11

describe type 1 skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 11

slow contracting fibres, dependant on oxidative metabolism, abundant mitochondria

Question 12

another name for type 1 skeletal muscle

Answer 12

red fibres (due to myoglobin in cells)

Question 13

what are type 2a muscle fibres

Answer 13

found between type 1 and 2

Question 14

what are type 2b muscle fibres

Answer 14

fast contracting fibres, dependant on aerobic metabolism

Question 15

what is space that chondrocytes occupy called

Answer 15

lacuna

Question 16

name given to the canal that runs along the axis of bone

Answer 16

Haversion canal

Question 17

outer layers of bone are called

Answer 17

lamellae

Question 18

what is the function of volkmans canals

Answer 18

deliver blood between Haversion canals

Question 19

lines surrounding an osteon are called

Answer 19

cement lines

Question 20

what are osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 20

supply of reserve cells

Question 21

what are osteocytes

Answer 21

bone cells found within the bone matrix

Question 22

what are osteoblasts

Answer 22

bone forming cells, these secrete osteoid which mineralises over time to form bone

Question 23

what is an osteoclast

Answer 23

cell which facilitates bone resorption

Question 24

what mineral makes up most of the bone

Answer 24

calcium phosphate

Question 25

describe woven bone

Answer 25

bone which is laid down after a break

Question 26

what is the intraspinous ligament

Answer 26

ligament between the spinous processes of each vertebrae

Question 27

what are the supraspinous ligaments

Answer 27

between the tips of the spinous processes

Question 28

what are ligament flavum

Answer 28

attaches the vertebral lamina together

Question 29

give an example of an intermediate spinal muscle

Answer 29

serratus inferior

Question 30

5 superficial muscles of the spine

Answer 30

trapezius, lattisimus dorsi, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, levants scapularis

Question 31

function of trapezius

Answer 31

elevates, reduces and retracts scapula

Question 32

function of latissimus dorsi

Answer 32

adducts, extends and internally rotates humerus

Question 33

3 erector spinae muscles

Answer 33

iliocostalis, longismus thoracis, spinalis thoracis