Regional Blood Flow

Question 1

The CNS utilizes approximately ______ of the cardiac output (850 ml/min) and burns approximately _________; therefore, any alterations may severely affect the proper function of the brain and spinal cord, or prove fatal.

Answer 1

17%

3.3 ml O2

Question 2

Changes in blood circulation occur as ________________ accidents (CVA; strokes). Strokes can occur in large major supply vessels, or MORE commonly in _______________________.

Answer 2

cerebrovascular

small penetrating vessels

Question 3

Therefore, it is important to understand the general scheme of the blood supply to the entire CNS as well as some of the smaller specific blood supplies. Strokes are of clinical significance and the symptoms and signs manifested after a stroke depend upon the:

Answer 3

vessels involved

Question 4

Major arterial supply to the brain is derived from the two _________________ and from the _________________ system. These two systems anastomose (become continuous with each other) around the base of the brain as the Anastomotic ___________________.

Answer 4

internal carotids

vertebral-basilar

Circle of Willis

Question 5

Vessels involved in the Circle of Willis are (name 5):

Answer 5

1. Anterior cerebral arteries
2. Anterior communicating artery
3. Internal carotid arteries
4. posterior communicating arteries
5. posterior cerebral arteries

Question 6

This continuous (anastomotic) system is variable and thus does not always allow for ______________________ of blood flow.

Answer 6

adequate alternate paths

Question 7

The internal carotid system includes the following arteries:

Answer 7

1. anterior choroidal artery
2. posterior communicating artery
3. middle cerebral artery
4. anterior cerebral artery
5. striatal (ganglionic or central) arteries

Question 8

anterior choroidal artery -

Answer 8

associated with choroid plexus; temporal lobe.

Question 9

posterior communicating artery -

Answer 9

posterolateral ganglionic arteries for thalamus and basal ganglia.

Question 10

middle cerebral artery -

Answer 10

blood supply to the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 11

anterior cerebral artery -

Answer 11

blood supply to the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres, rostral to the parieto-occipital sulcus.

Question 12

striatal (ganglionic or central) arteries

Answer 12

• penetrating arteries that supply the subcortical structures; basal ganglia, diencephalon, subcortical white matter.

Question 13

The vertebral-basilar system is made up the following arteries:

Answer 13

1. vertebral artery
2. anterior spinal artery
3. posterior spinal artery
4. posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
5. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
6. superior cerebellar artery
7. basilar artery
8. posterior cerebral artery

Question 14

vertebral artery -

Answer 14

anterolateral medulla.

Question 15

anterior spinal artery -

Answer 15

blood supply to anteromedial medulla, anterior spinal cord.

Question 16

posterior spinal artery -

Answer 16

blood supply to posterior and caudal medulla, posterior spinal cord.

Question 17

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) -

Answer 17

blood supply to cerebellum and lateral part of medulla.

Question 18

anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) -

Answer 18

pontine tegmentum and cerebellum.

Question 19

superior cerebellar artery -

Answer 19

dorsal midbrain, cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei.

Question 20

basilar artery -

Answer 20

supply pons, cerebral peduncles.

Question 21

posterior cerebral artery -

Answer 21

blood supply to midbrain, ventral and medial parts of the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 22

The notable veins are:

Answer 22

1. great vein of Galen
2. cerebral veins
3. dural veins

Question 23

great vein of galen =

Answer 23

empties into straight sinus; drains subcortical structures

Question 24

dural veins =

Answer 24

(bridging from the cortex to the dural sinuses)