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LQB389 - anatomy > Regional Anatomy Of Mediastinum > Flashcards

Regional Anatomy Of Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sections of the mediastinum?

A
  • superior
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
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2
Q

Where is the aortic pulmonary window located?

A
  • level T4/5

- bound by inferior surface of aortic arch and superior surface of right pulmonary artery

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3
Q

What are the Boundaries of superior mediastinum?

A

Superior: superior thoracic aperture
Inferior: sternal angle
Anterior: manubrium of sternum
Posterior: vertebral column (T1->T4/5)

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Superior: sternal angle (T4/5)
Inferior: thoracic diaphragm
Anterior: body of sternum
Posterior: fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle mediastinum?

A

Superior: plane passing through sternal angle (T4/5)
Inferior: thoracic diaphragm
Anterior: fibrous pericardium
Posterior: fibrous pericardium, tracheal bifurcation and primary bronchial

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum?

A

Superior: plane passing through sternal angle (T4/5)
Inferior: thoracic diaphragm
Anterior: fibrous pericardium, tracheal bifurcation and primary bronchi
Posterior: vertebral colum (T4/5-> T12)

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7
Q

What are the blood vessels in the superior mediastinum?

A
  • L & R brachiocephalic veins
  • superior half of superior vena cava
  • aortic arch and branches
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8
Q

What are the nervous tissue contents in the superior mediastinum?

A
  • L & R phrenic nerves
  • L & R vagus nerves
  • L recurrent laryngeal nerve
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9
Q

What are the large organs contained in the superior mediastinum?

A
  • thymus
  • brachiocephalic lymph nodes
  • teaches and associated lymph nodes
  • oesophagus
  • thoracic duct
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10
Q

What are the blood vessel contents of anterior mediastinum?

A
  • internal thoracic blood vessels
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11
Q

What are the nervous tissue contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A
  • none
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12
Q

What are the large organs contained in the anterior mediastinum?

A
  • thymus (of children)

- parasternal lymph nodes

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13
Q

What are the blood vessels contained in the middle mediastinum?

A
  • great vessels of the heart

- L & R pulmonary arteries and veins

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14
Q

What nervous tissue is contained in the middle mediastinum?

A
  • L & R phrenic nerves
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15
Q

What are the large organs contained in the middle mediastinum?

A
  • heart
  • terminal end of trachea and primary bronchi
  • bronchotracheal lymph nodes
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16
Q

What blood vessels are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • descending aorta

- azygous, hemiazygous and accessory azygous veins

17
Q

What nervous tissue is contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • vagus nerves
18
Q

What large organs are contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • oesophagus
  • thoracic duct
  • posterior mediastinal lymph nodes
19
Q

What and where is the apex of the heart?

A
  • formed by inferolateral part of left ventricle
  • lies deep to 5th intercostal space, 7-9 cm to left of midline in adults
  • apex site on diaphragm and thus loves when breathing
20
Q

What and where is the base of the heart?

A
  • formed mostly by left atrium
  • opposite to the apex and forms the posterior aspect
  • faces vertebra T6-T9
21
Q

What are the main coronary arteries and what is their origin?

A
  • right and left coronary artery
  • anastomoses
  • they are the first colatetla branch straight from aorta
22
Q

What are the bifurcations of the right coronary artery?

A
  • right marginal artery

- posterior interventricular artery

23
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A
  • anterior interventricular artery
  • circumflex artery
  • left marginal artery
24
Q

What are the two main anastomoses?

A
  1. Circumflex artery and right coronary artery

2. Posterior interventricular artery and anterior interventricular artery

25
Q

What are the three main variations in coronary artery positioning?

A
  1. Anastomoses changes position
  2. No right coronary artery
  3. No left coronary artery
26
Q

What are the tributes of the coronary sinus?

A
  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
  • posterior vein of left ventricle
  • small cardiac vein
27
Q

What is the origin of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Starts when vagus nerve loops through aortic window and innervates the larynx/pharynx

28
Q

What is the origin of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Starts after VAN complex of the neck and loops around right subclavian artery

29
Q

What vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

30
Q

What vertebral level is the caval foramen?

A

T8

31
Q

What vertebral level is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

32
Q

What is the location difference between the left and right pulmonary arteries?

A

Left is more superior and passes superior to left superior secondary bronchus whereas right passes between the right superior and middle secondary bronchi

33
Q

Where does the descending aorta lie? How does this change with age?

A

Immediately anterior to vertebral bodies

- as we age the vertebral discs change and thus cause change to the aorta

34
Q

Where does the thoracic duct course?

A

Posterior to oesophagus

LQB389 - anatomy (11 decks)

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