Lymphatics of Head and Neck

Question 1

Three major things about lymph nodes

Answer 1

1. Filter the lymph that passes through the vessels and add lymphocytes
2. overly-large LN may indicate an infection
3. Each contain afferent and efferent vessels

Question 2

What is an afferent vessel?

Answer 2

• coming towards the LN

Question 3

What is an efferent vessel?

Answer 3

• going away from a LN

Question 4

What are the major LN groups of the neck?

Answer 4

1. Pericervical collar x2
2. superficial cervical group x2
3. intermediate (anterior deep) cervical group x2
4. deep cervical group (superior and inferior) x2

Question 5

What are the 6 main pericervical LN’s?

Answer 5

1. Occipital
2. Mastoid/retroauricular
3. Parotid/preauricular
4. Submandibular
5. Submental
6. Buccal

Question 6

Where do the efferent vessels of occipital and mastoid LN’s drain?

Answer 6

• to superficial cervical lymph nodes following the external jugular vein

Question 7

Where do the efferent vessels of parotid and submandibular LN’s drain?

Answer 7

• deep cervical LN’s following the internal jugular vein

Question 8

Where do the efferent vessels of the submental LN’s drain?

Answer 8

• deep cervical LN’s via submandibular LN’s

Question 9

Where are the superficial cervical LN’s located?

Answer 9

• superficial to sternocleidomastoid muscles along course of external jugular vein

Question 10

What are the afferent and efferent vessels of the superficial cervical LNs?

Answer 10

Afferent: from mastoid and occipital LNs
Efferent: to superior and inferior deep cervical LNs

Question 11

What are the 4 intermediate/anterior deep cervical LNs?

Answer 11

1. Prelaryngeal LNs(infront of larynx)
2. Pretracheal LNs (anterior to trachea)
3. Paratracheal LNs (parallel to trachea)
4. retrophrayngeal LNs (behind pharynx)

Question 12

What is the efferent drainage of the intermediate cervical LNs?

Answer 12

• Retropharyngeal and prelaryngeal to superior deep cervical LN’s
• Pretracheal to paratracheal LN’s
• Paratracheal to inferior deep cervical LN’s

Question 13

What structure separates superior and inferior deep cervical LN’s?

Answer 13

• omohyoid muscle at internal jugular vein

Question 14

What is the major LN associated with superior deep cervical LN’s?

Answer 14

• jugulo-digastric LN

Question 15

What is the major LN associated with inferior deep cervical LNs?

Answer 15

• jugulo-omohyoid LN

Question 16

What do lymphatics trunks form?

Answer 16

• a lymphatic duct

Question 17

What are the 2 lymphatic ducts?

Answer 17

1. thoracic duct

2. right lymphatic duct

Question 18

How do lymphatic ducts enter the blood?

Answer 18

• drain into confluence of internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 19

What is the cisterna chyli?

Answer 19

• is a large collecting duct that starts at thoracic duct

Question 20

What is the cisterna chyli formed by?

Answer 20

• right lumbar trunk
• right lumbar trunk
• intestinal trunk

Question 21

What forms the thoracic/right lymphatic duct?

Answer 21

• jugular trunk
• subclavian trunk
• bronchomediastinal trunk