Regional Anatomy of Abdominal Wall and Inguinal canal Flashcards
Where does the aponeurotic sheath attach to?
- xiphisternal joint and iliac crest
- holds it in place and helps with flexion
What are the tendinous intersections?
- are part of thre rectus sheath that extend to midline
What happens when the tendinous intersections are strong?
- can cause loosening of inguinal ligament and cause herniation especially in men
What are the 4 main supportive structures of the abdominal wall?
- inguinal ligament
- transversalis fascia
- extraperitoneal fat
- parietal peritoneum
Why does the spermartic cord runs on a oblique plane through the inguinal canal?
Because the deep inguinal canal is more lateral compared to the external inguinal ring which is more medial
What are the features of the male inguinal canal?
- 4-5cm long (wider and longer due to the spermatic cord)
2. extends through anterolateral muscles of abdominal wall
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
- inferomedial opening in aponeurosis of external obliquus abdominus
Describe the structures that the spermatic cord pass through in the inguinal canal? (internal to external)
- parietal peritoneum
- extra peritoneal connective tissue
- transveralis fascia (opening of deep inginual ring)
- tranversalis abdmoninis
- aponeurosis of transversalis abdominsi
- internal obliquus abdominis
- aponeurosis of the external obliquus abdominis (superficial inguinal ring)
What is the contents of the male inguinal canal?
- spermatic cord
What is the contents of the female inguinal canal?
- round ligament of uterus
- fat pad
- blood vessels and nerves
What is the inguinal hernia?
- protrusion of a peritoneal sac with or without abdominal content (usually small intestine) through a weakened part of abdominal wall of inguinal region
What are the two types of inguinal hernias?
- direct
2. indirect
What is an indirect hernia?
passes through the deep inguinal ring into the inguinal ring
What is a direct hernia?
passes through the posterior wall of inguinal canal
Why are direct hernias more common in males compared to females?
- because the diameter of the deep inguinal ring is much larger in males due to the spermatic cord
Why are direct hernias less common then direct hernias?
- because the peritoneum will push it back
What are the 4 major muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
- psoas major
- iliacus
- iliopsoas
- quadratus lumborum
What is the surface anatomy of the abdomen?
- epigastric fossa
- umbilicus
- linea alba
- inguinal groove
- linea semilunaris
- tendinous intersection of rectus abdominis
- anterior superior iliac spine
What is the epigastric fossa?
a depression inferior to the xiphisternal joint
What is the linea alba?
Is the depression down the mid-line of the body between the xiphersternal joint and to the pubic symphysis
What is the inguinal groove?
the depression coursing the inguinal ligament
What is the linea semilunaris?
bilateral vertical curved line in the anterior abdominal wall where the layers of the rectus sheath fuse lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle and medial to the oblique muscles
What and where are the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis?
The rectus abdominis is crossed by three fibrous bands called the tendinous intersections
- umbilicus
- xiphoid process
- mid way between the umbilicus and xiphoid process
What are the four anatomical planes of the abdominal cavity?
- midclavicular x2
- transtubercular
- transpyloric
- subcostal
What are the landmarks through which the transtubecular plane passes?
Transverse plane coursing through the left and right iliac tubercle of the iliac crest
What are the landmarks through which the transpyloric plane passes?
Transverse plane passing between the midpoint of the superior manubrium and the pubic symphysis
What are the landmarks through which the midclavicular plane passes?
Vertical plane passing between the midpoint of the medial and lateral points of the clavicle
What are the landmarks through which the subcostal plane passes?
Transverse plane passing to the most inferior costal cartilages
What are the 3 regions superior to the transpyloric plane?
- right hypochondriac region
- epigastric region
- left hypochondriac region
What are the 3 regions inferior to the transpyloric plane and superior to the transtubercular plane?
- right lumbar region
- umbilical region
- left lumbar region
What are the 3 regions inferior to the transtubercular plane?
- right iliac (inguinal) region
- hypogastric (pubic) region
- left iliac (inguinal) region
