Perineum Flashcards
What is the location of the perineum?
- Bounded externally by thighs and buttocks
What is the shape of the perineum?
- diamond-shaped region
What are the skeletal boundaries of the perineum?
- pubic symphysis
- ischiopubic/conjoint rami x2
- sacrotuberous ligaments x2
- coccyx
What is the superior boundary of the perineum?
- pelvic diaphragm
What is the inferior boundry of the perineum?
- perineal skin
What are the lateral boundaries of the perineum?
- obturator intermus
- ischiopubic ramus
What are the two subregions of the perineum?
- urogenital region/triangle
- anal region/triangle
What are the shared contents of the urogenital region for both male and female?
- urogenital diaphragm
- urethra
- various muscles
- parts of external genitalia
What are the non-shared contents of the urogenital region?
- vagina
- bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)
What is the contents of the anal region?
- anal canal
- ischiorectal fossae x2
Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the anal canal?
- no
Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the urogenital triangle?
- yes
What are the four subregions of the female urogenital region? (roof to floor)
- anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae
- urogenital diaphragm
- superficial perineal pouch
- skin and superficial fascia and parts of external genitalia
What is the urogenital diaphragm?
- shelf-like muscular partition
- its external layers are formed by inferior and superior perineal fascias
Where is the urogenital diaphragm extend between?
- between the ischiopubic rami
What is the female urogenital diaphragm pierced by?
- urethra
- vagina
What is the superior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?
- ischiorectal fossae
- its anterior recess contains fibrofatty tissue
What is the inferior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?
- superficial perineal pouch which is bounded by deep fascia
- contains muscles, parts of external genitalia, blood vessels, nerves and fat
What is another name for the urogenital diaphragm?
- deep perineal pouch
What is another name for the female external genitalia?
- vulva
What is the common location of the vulva?
- lie inferior to superficial perineal pouch
What is the perineal body?
- median fibrous body that lies at the junction of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
What does the perineal body extend between?
- from pelvic diaphragm to perineal skin
What is another name for the perineal body?
- central tendon of perineum
What are the four subregions of the male urogenital region? (roof to floor)
- anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae
- urogenital diaphragm
- superficial perineal pouch/space (where the spongy urethra is)
- skin, superficial fascia and external genitalia
What is the male urogenital diaphragm pierced by?
- urethra
What does the male urogenital diaphragm contain?
- 2 bulbourethral glands
What does the male superficial perineal pouch contain?
- muscles
- parts of penis
- blood vessels
- nerves
What is the male external genitalia?
- scrotum and its contents (spermatic cord)
- penis
What is the contents of the scrotum?
- testis x2
- epididymis x2
- spermatic cord x2
- tunica vaginalis (covers testie)
- fascia and muscles
What is the importance of the fibrofatty tissue in the anal region?
- protection of the van complex
What is the VAN complex in the anal region?
- internal pudendal vein
- internal pudendal artery
- pudendal nerve
What makes up the roof of the anal canal?
- levator ani x2
What makes up the floor of the anal canal?
- perineal skin
Where does the ischiorectal fossae located in relation to the anal canal?
- lateral
What makes up the roof of the ischiorectal fossae?
- levator ani x2
What makes up the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossae?
- obturator internus x2
- ischiopubic ramus x2
What are the two recesses of the ischiorectal fossae?
- anterior
- posterior
Where does the anterior recess pass between?
- passes between pelvic and urogenital diaphragm to enter urogenital triangle
Where does the posterior recess pass between?
- passes between pelvic diaphragm and gluteus maximus
What is the contents of the ischiorectal fossae?
- fibrofatty tissue
- pudendal canals x2 (contains artery and vein)
Where is each pudendal canal located?
- in the deep fascia of obturator internus
What is contained in the internal pudendal canal?
- internal pudendal artery and vein
- pudendal nerve
What is a branch of the internal pudendal arterty?
- inferior rectal artery
What is the position of the anal canal?
- oriented postero-inferiorly
What is the length of the anal canal?
- 4cm
