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LQB389 - anatomy > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the perineum?

A
  • Bounded externally by thighs and buttocks
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2
Q

What is the shape of the perineum?

A
  • diamond-shaped region
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3
Q

What are the skeletal boundaries of the perineum?

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • ischiopubic/conjoint rami x2
  • sacrotuberous ligaments x2
  • coccyx
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4
Q

What is the superior boundary of the perineum?

A
  • pelvic diaphragm
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5
Q

What is the inferior boundry of the perineum?

A
  • perineal skin
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6
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of the perineum?

A
  • obturator intermus

- ischiopubic ramus

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7
Q

What are the two subregions of the perineum?

A
  • urogenital region/triangle

- anal region/triangle

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8
Q

What are the shared contents of the urogenital region for both male and female?

A
  • urogenital diaphragm
  • urethra
  • various muscles
  • parts of external genitalia
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9
Q

What are the non-shared contents of the urogenital region?

A
  • vagina

- bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

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10
Q

What is the contents of the anal region?

A
  • anal canal

- ischiorectal fossae x2

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11
Q

Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the anal canal?

A
  • no
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12
Q

Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the urogenital triangle?

A
  • yes
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13
Q

What are the four subregions of the female urogenital region? (roof to floor)

A
  1. anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae
  2. urogenital diaphragm
  3. superficial perineal pouch
  4. skin and superficial fascia and parts of external genitalia
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14
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • shelf-like muscular partition

- its external layers are formed by inferior and superior perineal fascias

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15
Q

Where is the urogenital diaphragm extend between?

A
  • between the ischiopubic rami
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16
Q

What is the female urogenital diaphragm pierced by?

A
  • urethra

- vagina

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17
Q

What is the superior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • ischiorectal fossae

- its anterior recess contains fibrofatty tissue

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18
Q

What is the inferior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • superficial perineal pouch which is bounded by deep fascia

- contains muscles, parts of external genitalia, blood vessels, nerves and fat

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19
Q

What is another name for the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • deep perineal pouch
20
Q

What is another name for the female external genitalia?

A
  • vulva
21
Q

What is the common location of the vulva?

A
  • lie inferior to superficial perineal pouch
22
Q

What is the perineal body?

A
  • median fibrous body that lies at the junction of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
23
Q

What does the perineal body extend between?

A
  • from pelvic diaphragm to perineal skin
24
Q

What is another name for the perineal body?

A
  • central tendon of perineum
25
Q

What are the four subregions of the male urogenital region? (roof to floor)

A
  1. anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae
  2. urogenital diaphragm
  3. superficial perineal pouch/space (where the spongy urethra is)
  4. skin, superficial fascia and external genitalia
26
Q

What is the male urogenital diaphragm pierced by?

A
  • urethra
27
Q

What does the male urogenital diaphragm contain?

A
  • 2 bulbourethral glands
28
Q

What does the male superficial perineal pouch contain?

A
  • muscles
  • parts of penis
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
29
Q

What is the male external genitalia?

A
  • scrotum and its contents (spermatic cord)

- penis

30
Q

What is the contents of the scrotum?

A
  • testis x2
  • epididymis x2
  • spermatic cord x2
  • tunica vaginalis (covers testie)
  • fascia and muscles
31
Q

What is the importance of the fibrofatty tissue in the anal region?

A
  • protection of the van complex
32
Q

What is the VAN complex in the anal region?

A
  • internal pudendal vein
  • internal pudendal artery
  • pudendal nerve
33
Q

What makes up the roof of the anal canal?

A
  • levator ani x2
34
Q

What makes up the floor of the anal canal?

A
  • perineal skin
35
Q

Where does the ischiorectal fossae located in relation to the anal canal?

A
  • lateral
36
Q

What makes up the roof of the ischiorectal fossae?

A
  • levator ani x2
37
Q

What makes up the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossae?

A
  • obturator internus x2

- ischiopubic ramus x2

38
Q

What are the two recesses of the ischiorectal fossae?

A
  • anterior

- posterior

39
Q

Where does the anterior recess pass between?

A
  • passes between pelvic and urogenital diaphragm to enter urogenital triangle
40
Q

Where does the posterior recess pass between?

A
  • passes between pelvic diaphragm and gluteus maximus
41
Q

What is the contents of the ischiorectal fossae?

A
  • fibrofatty tissue

- pudendal canals x2 (contains artery and vein)

42
Q

Where is each pudendal canal located?

A
  • in the deep fascia of obturator internus
43
Q

What is contained in the internal pudendal canal?

A
  • internal pudendal artery and vein

- pudendal nerve

44
Q

What is a branch of the internal pudendal arterty?

A
  • inferior rectal artery
45
Q

What is the position of the anal canal?

A
  • oriented postero-inferiorly
46
Q

What is the length of the anal canal?

A
  • 4cm

LQB389 - anatomy (11 decks)

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