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Region Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

DIALLECTS

Give four examples of a dialect

A

Regiolect, sociolect, idiolect, ethnolect

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2
Q

PRESCRIPTIVISM vs DESCRIPTIVISM

Define prescriptivism

A

The theory that language has an absolute accuracy; there are specific right and wrong ways of using language based on established rules of language in history

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3
Q

PRESCRIPTIVISM vs DESCRIPTIVISM

Define descriptivism

A

The theory that there is no ‘good’ or ‘bad’ language - that language should not be definable in only one manner and that language should be able to shift in various contexts

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4
Q

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

When was the survey conducted?

A

1950 - 1961

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5
Q

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

Where and who undertook the survey?

A

Harold Orten at the University of Leeds

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6
Q

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

What was the aim of the survey?

A

To capture the most conservative forms of folk speech

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7
Q

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

Who were the participants?

A

Male farm labourers, generally over 65

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8
Q

PHONETIC ALPHABET

What is the phonetic alphabet designed for?

A

Transcribing the sounds of all the worlds languages

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9
Q

PHONETIC ALPHABET

What does the phonetic alphabet help linguists see?

A

Variation in distribution of sounds across regions

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10
Q

PRESCRIPTIVIST HEADLINES

Give two examples of prescriptivist headlines

A

‘Brummie accents are worse than staying silent: study shows’

‘The Queen’s English: the English Language as written and spoken by correctly educated people in Britain’

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11
Q

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

Who wrote this book, and when?

A

Daniel Jones, 1909

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12
Q

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

What did Daniel Jones say about the original intent of this book?

A

‘This book is intended for students and teachers who aim to correct cockneyisms and other undesirable pronunciations in their scholars’

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13
Q

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

How did Jones revise the book?

A

Jones revised the book to a more descriptivist attitude after the world wars, and encouraged readers to embrace their ideolects

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14
Q

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Is received pronunciation a historically prestigious accent?

A

Yes

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15
Q

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Is RP regionally bound?

A

No, because it is a type of sociolect

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16
Q

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

What is RP associated with?

A

Oxbridge and the aristocracy

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17
Q

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

What does Trudgill estimate about the amount of speakers who use RP?

A

3%

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18
Q

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Describe the BBC’s role in RP

A

BBC used RP as it’s primary accent when it first broadcasted in the 20th century. Mark Thompson called for more regional accents in 2008.

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19
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

Where and when does CRS originate from?

A

The east end of London from the first half of the 19th century

20
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did a study of 2000 adults show about CRS?

A

It is dying out amid London’s diverse, multi-cultural society

21
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did a survey commissioned by the museum of London show?

A

Almost 80% of Londoners don’t understand phrases such as donkey ears - slang for years

22
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What was the most commonly used CRS phrase and what percentage used it?

A

Porky pies (lies) - 13%

23
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did 40% of the study say the felt about CRS?

A

It was dying out

24
Q

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What TV shows popularised CRS in the media?

A

The Sweeney, from the 1970s and only fools and horses

25
Q

MLE

When did MLE emerge?

A

The late 20th to 21st century

26
Q

MLE

Who is MLE mainly spoken by?

A

Young, working class people, in multi-cultural parts of London. It has also emerged in diverse cities such as Birmingham and Manchester.\

27
Q

MLE

Who investigated MLE in 2014?

A

Gary Ives

28
Q

MLE

Where does MLE language descend from>

A

Afro-Caribbean origins

29
Q

MLE

Give three examples of MLE

A

Bare, bruv and calm

30
Q

GILES 1975

What did Giles investigate?

A

Same speakers with different accents. Judging attitudes, same intelligences, appearances, etc. Matched guise.

31
Q

DIXON, MAHONEY AND COCKS

What did these linguists investigate?

A

Accents and guilt. Pp listened to conversations between RP or Brummie, which one perceived to be more guilty.

32
Q

CHOY and DODD

What did Choy and Dodd find?

A

Teachers are more likely to make judgements based on how students think

33
Q

DIALLECT LEVELLING

What is there an argument of?

A

As a country we are moving towards a more national diallect

34
Q

DIALLECT LEVELLING

What did Leslie Milroy say?

A

Increased geographical mobility leads to the large scale disruption of close knit, localised networks that have historically led to maintain systematic complex sets of socially structured linguistic norms.

35
Q

DIALLECT LEVELLING

What does the reduction of rural employment and the subsequent construction of suburbs lead to?

A

The idea that local accents are being disrupted

36
Q

DIALLECT LEVELLING

What does Paul Keswell say about dialect levelling?

A

Social mobility breaks down distinct sociolects

37
Q

DIALLECT LEVELLING

Are some regional forms surviving?

A
  • Use of aint
  • Absence of adverb marking
  • Multiple negation
38
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What did a survey by linguistic researches at Manchester University show?

A
  • Bread roll names differ, bap, bun, muffin, cob, teacake
39
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What did Peter Trudeau’s research into isogloss boundaries show?

A

Around the country in the past people couldn’t really move around, little communities therefore had specific accents and lexis. Isogloss boundaries have therefore weakened because of media and transport.

40
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What is a word for doctors in the midlands?

A

Croaker

41
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What does to complain in Wales mean?

A

To gristle

42
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What are linguistic features of cockney accents?

A

Glottal stopping, fronting words

43
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

Describe Dr Alex Bratton’s investigation

A

100pps, 1/3 would modify accents in a formal setting. Found there is a stigma around certain accents.

44
Q

REGIONAL VARIATION

What is one negative of Dr Alex Bratton’s study?

A

Only 100 pps

45
Q

ACEENTISM

Is aceentism a great problem today?

A

Not as much, because of greater media representation

46
Q

ACEENTISM

How did BBC guidelines change?

A

So long as delivered in standard english any accent can be used. People still criticse this, such as Hugh Edwards.

English Language (9 decks)

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