Regeneration EQ4 Flashcards
How can the economic success of regeneration be measured?
The success of economic regeneration can be measured in the following ways
- income
- employment
- poverty
Bit within areas and compared to more successful areas.
Why is it difficult to measure the success of an area?
Evidence of success is hard to quantify as there are
- many variables of regeneration and its outcomes
- regeneration schemes are designed to be long running rather than a quick fix (progress may not be seen straight away)
- strong brand and identity is needed for regeneration to be successful which is again it is hard to quantify.
What is an example of a successful regeneration scheme?
The Gorbals in South Glasgow : In 1990 the Crown street regeneration resulted in attractive spacious flats with employment spaces. It helped to close the economic divide in the populations
- unemployment fell by 31%
- people on Welfare benefits fell by 35%
How can social progress be measured?
- reduction in inequalities between areas and within them
- improvement in social measures of deprivation (index of multiple deprivation)
- demographics changes such as improvements in life expectancy and reductions in health deprivation
What is an example of social progress data?
Manchester has seen waves of regeneration since 1980. Between 2001 -2011 Manchester has seen
- increase of 0.8% in full time employment
- decrease of 10.8% in workers with no qualifications
- decrease of 3.7% infant mortality per 1000 live births
How do measure success of regeneration through environmental quality?
- reduction in pollution levels
- reduction in abandoned and derelict land
What do regeneration schemes normally include to improve the quality of the environment?
- redeveloping derelict land and buildings
- decontaminate brown land
- creating new parks and green spaces (trees, wetlands ect)
- putting in place street furniture and improving area designed (graffiti removal)
How does the index of multiple deprivation measure the quality of the environment?
IMD measures quality of local environments by separating it into two sub divisions
Indoor - housing quality, facilities (modern kitchens and bathrooms), insulation
Outdoor - air quality and number of road traffic accidents
What is an example of improved quality of life in a regeneration scheme?
The 2012 London Olympic Stratford:
- 100 ha of new green spaces were created (involves the decontamination of 600,000 tonnes of soil)
- 3km of rivers and canals where cleared
- 230,000 cubic metres of groundwater was removed and cleaned.
- improvements made to public transport maybe improving air pollution
What the consequences of purely focusing on economic and physical upgrade to an area?
Small improvements to a local environment can often have a significant and diverse range of social and economic multiplier without it
- locals can be forced out (gentrification)
- doesn’t improve individuals life’s and will cause outmigration
Why do urban stakeholder have difference vies in successful regeneration?
Success is veiled very different by individuals or stakeholders. They vies point dependent on a range of factors
- own perception
- level of attachment
- motives (economic, social and environmental)
What are the main stakeholder in an urban regeneration and their views?
National government and planning > reconciling different interests, long term national goals take priority (economic focus)
Local council > tackling inequality, balance environment, social and economic interests
Developers > economic standpoint, profits is needed
Local businesses > polarised viewpoints (are they going to be benefited), tend or get quite a high say in regeneration efforts
Local communities > few individuals will represent the population taking place in pressure group (social standpoint)
What is a benefit and cost ratio?
The balance between investment and outcomes; a positive ratio is desirable for investment
What strategies were used in the Salford Quays regeneration?
Salford Quays is located in greater Manchester. It has faced massive amount is deindustrialisation for the decline of port use.
1. 90 aces of former industrial land was developed by Salford council and private investors
2. Landmark building such as Lowery theatre and gallery opened and the Imperial War Museum
3. MediaCity (tech hub) created developed by Peel Holdings and houses BBC and ITV
What were the contrasting views in Salford Quays regeneration?
- only 24 of the 680 jobs created at the BBC. (MediaCity) had gone to local people
- NV building had apartments on sale for £800,000 unaffordable for most locals