Health, Human Rights and Intervention EQ3 Flashcards
What is geopolitical intervention?
The use of economic, political or military power by a countries or group of countries in different nations of the world to bring about change.
Why is intervention normally illegal?
The intervention of on sovereign state in the affairs of another is considered illegal under international law, as it breach’s the idea of ‘sovereignty’, meaning that intervention can only be done in extreme human rights violations.
What is National Sovereignty?
Sovereignty is a counties legal right to govern themselves. It has four aspects.
What are the four aspects of sovereignty?
- a government organised within the territory has authority over that territory
- the government controls movement of people and goods across the territory’s borders
- the government and territory is recognised by other governments
- other organisation outside the territory do not have higher authority
What allow intervention to take place?
2005 law placed by UN ‘a country has a responsibility to protect its citizens from genocide, war crime, ethnicity cleansing and crimes against humanity’ breach of this allows other country to intervene. The 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council need to agree.
What are the different types of geopolitical intervention?
- development aid (most common)
- trade embargoes
- military aid
- indirect and direct military action
Why do interventions take place?
- offering development aid for poorest and least developed countries
- protecting human rights
- strengthening security and stability
- promoting international trade and protecting trade routes
- accessing resources
- increase global or regional influence
What is development aid as a type of intervention?
Development aid is money and physical resources given form one county to another. It’s normally is given multilaterally or bilaterally though NGOs. It aims to improve the quality of life by meeting basic needs, internal divisions and increasing human capital.
What is bilateral aid and its impacts?
Aid that is delivered from one country to another. (can be tied (self serving) and allow donors to pursue its own agenda.
What is multilateral aid?
Aid given by donor countries to international aid organisation (World Bank and Oxfam) who distribute the aid to causes.
e.g. USA gives $31.55 billion to ODA
What are trade embargoes (intervention)?
This are economic that prevent a countries from undertaking international trade normally. By preventing exports and banning imports aiming to put pressure on sovereign leaders to change polices to prevent their economy from suffering. Its positive as does not threaten sovereignty.
What is military aid (Intervention)?
This is money given by one sovereign state to another to buy military equipment.
What are the cons of military aid?
- can be seen to contradict sovereignty
- the money could be given instead to be used for social progress, can be deemed that its more for the benefit geopolitical relationships.
What is indirect military action?
This is military equipment or advisers provided form one ate to another. Normally done to support one side in a civil conflict.
What is direct military action?
This is armed forces from one sovereign state engaging in conflict with another. It a directly threaten a countries sovereignty so is done as a coalition.
What types of intervention drive economic development?
Trade > increased trade gives less developed countries a ‘leg up’ provided the terms of trade are favourable through encouragement on exports rather and imports. Sanctions and embargoes can force ‘bad’ regimes to change.
Investment > normally undertaken for ulterior notices (securing primary resources) but they also have beneficial spin offs resulting in economic development, improved liven conditions, education and healthcare.
Who promotes intervention?
- IGOs (UN, EU, World Bank and WTO)
- National governments
- NGOs (Amnesty International and Human rights watch)