Regeneration EQ2 Flashcards
What is perception of a place?
Perception of a place is how it’s is understood and regarded. Perception can be changed through economic and social inequalities as well as age, social class and over all quality of life.
What does a successful are have?
Regions perceived as successful tend to be self sustaining as more people and investments are drawn to the opportunities created.
- high employment rates
- inward migration both internal and international (Brian gain)
- low levels of deprivation
What are the negative externalities of a ‘successful’ place?
- overheated property prices (Sydney is between the 10th most expensive place to live in the world)
- congested roads and public transports (air pollution)
- young economical active people may enjoy the fast paced city life whereas retirees and lower earners may have negative perceptions of an area.
- skill shortage (restrictions of skilled migrants and history of low uptake on higher education)
How may an urban place become successful?
Success may be a result for
- markets forces
- completion and innovation in a new globalised wold
- government led regeneration policies
E.g. London who has benefitted from is previous function (banking and as a globally connected capital) as well as government policies.
What has driven success in rural areas?
- Counter urbanisation migration to rural areas with improved transport and communication (working form home)
- attractiveness of living environment
- tend to have lower rates of unemployment
- High accessibility and connections (Commuter town)
- growth in small/micro businesses
What are the main social consequences of inequality?
- reduced trust with people in positions of power (governments and police)
- reduced participation and attachment to a place
-increased segregation of socio-economic groups - increased crime and property damage
- increased status completion (driving less affluent people into debt)
These all led to an are becoming unsuccessful.
Why is the effect of inequality maintained?
The results of inequality are intergenerational meaning a distaste for an area is lassoed down through families. This will happen until effective regeneration schemes, university education or sheer innovation takes place
Why do urban areas decline and be thought of as ‘unsuccessful’
- Urban areas with high amounts of inequality (intergenerational perceptions)
- global shift (economic restructuring) creating deindustrialisation in areas leading to a spiral of decline. (unemployment, depopulation ect)
- environmental issues (lack of green space)
What are the key characteristics of an unsuccessful location?
- increased social deprivation
- lower education levels
- lack of access to services and poor living environment
- high unemployment and crime
Why do rural areas decline?
- faster ageing population due to the out migration of younge economically active in search of economic opportunity
- falling employment in farming and other primary sector work (mechanisation ect)
- shift in economic activity towards services such as low paid seasonal tourism.
Why are there priority’s for regeneration?
Huge economic and social inequalities create different priorities for regeneration
- sink estates
- declining rural populations
Have higher regeneration needs
- gated communities
- commuter villages
Are lower priorities
What is a sink estate?
A housing estate that is characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially in domestic violence, drugs and gangs.
They are the result of historically segregating low income groups relying on social assistance from the rest of society.
e.g. Lower Falinge is a sink estate in Rochdale housing about 1000 people, which was built in the 1970s. It has consistantly been ranked one of England’s most deprived areas.
What is a gated community?
Communities found in both urban and rural locations as either individual or a group of houses with high security (CCTV) designed to deter crime.
Often occurs in areas of gentrification.
What are commuter villages?
Settlements that have a proportion is their population ,being in them who commute daily or weekly into urban areas for work.
Normally created near major transport links (motorways and railways)
How can levels of engage the be measured in local communities?
There are wide variations in engagement in local communities which can be measured by
- local and national election turnout
- development and support of local community groups