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Block 4 > Regeneration And Repair > Flashcards

Regeneration And Repair Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 processes are involved in repair?

A

Regeneration: cell proliferation
Connective tissue deposition: laying down fibrous connective tissue when lost tissue can’t be replaced by regeneration alone

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2
Q

What is connective tissue made of?

A

ECM
Support (stromal) cells — make ECM
Blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

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3
Q

What is the main fiber type found in most connective tissues?

A

Collagen — fibrous protein

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4
Q

This term refers to the ability of a tissue to repair itself

A

Intrinsic proliferative capacity

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5
Q

What cell types proliferate during repair?

A

Surviving functional cells
Vascular endothelial cells
Fibroblasts

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6
Q

What influences a cell’s proliferative capacity?

A

What part of the cell cycle they spend the most time in
- G0 is resting phase, all other are active phases

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7
Q

What are the 3 main tissue types?

A

Labile tissue
Stable tissue
Permanent tissue

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8
Q

Which of the 3 tissue types has the highest capacity for regeneration?

A

Labile tissue

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9
Q

Which of the 3 tissue types has the lowest capacity for regeneration?

A

Permanent tissue has no capacity for regeneration

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10
Q

The cells of this tissue are capable of entering G1 but are minimally proliferative

A

Stable tissue

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11
Q

What makes labile tissue have a high regen capacity?

A

Cells never spend time in G0 and are continuously dividing
High amount of stem cells vs other tissues

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12
Q

Where can labile tissue be found?

A

GI epithelium
Skin
Oral mucosa
Bone marrow

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13
Q

Why are the cells of stable tissue minimally proliferative?

A

G0 in normal state but will enter G1 in response to injury

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14
Q

Where can stable tissue be found?

A

Most solid organs
Kidney
Pancreas
Andrenal glands
Lungs
Liver an exception — high regen capacity

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15
Q

Why are cells of permanent tissue not able to proliferate?

A

Perpetually in G0

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16
Q

What happens if permanent tissue is dies?

A

Repair via connective tissue deposition —> decreased function bs scar tissue is nonfunctional

17
Q

Where can permanent tissue be found?

A

Neurons, cardiac tissue

18
Q

What are the 2 major mechanisms in regeneration?

A

Priming phase: cytokines make remaining cells competent to respond to growth factor signals
Proliferation phase: growth factors act on primed cells to enter cell cycle

19
Q

What are 3 limitations of regeneration?

A

Can’t repair everything:
Severe or chronic injury
Injury to connect tissue
Injury to non-dividing cells
No regeneration —> fibrosis/scar formation

20
Q

When is liver regeneration limited?

A

Residual tissue not structurally intact
Infection/inflammation —> connective tissue deposition
Destruction of reticulin (liver connective tissue) —> scar formation but remaining cells will have regen capacity

21
Q

What are the 3 phases involved in repair by connective tissue deposition?

A

Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling phase

22
Q

What happens in the inflammatory phase?

A
  • Damaged tissue removal
  • Cytokine and growth factor release
23
Q

What happens in the proliferative phase?

A

Angiogenesis
Fibroblast proliferation —> collagen and other ECM deposition

24
Q

What happens in the remodeling phase?

A
  • Degradation of ECM —> connective tissue remodeling
25
Q

What are the categories of cutaneous wound healing?

A

Primary intention
Secondary intention
Tertirary intention

26
Q

What are the stages of cutaneous wound healing?

A

Formation of blood clot
Inflammatory response
Formation of granulation tissue
Re-epitheliaization
Connective tissue deposition
Wound contraction
Remodelling

27
Q

Are the stages all the same between the 3 types of wound healing?

A

Yes; they only differ in which stage is more prominent

28
Q

Which type of healing leaves more scarring?

A

Secondary because fibrosis dominates over epithelial regeneration

29
Q

How does healing by secondary intention differ from primary intention?

A

More intense inflammatory response
Extensive granulation tissue
Wound contraction

30
Q

Is healed skin as strong as original tissue?

A

No

31
Q

What are the 2 ways wound healing can be complicated?

A

Too much tissue repair
Not enough tissue repair

32
Q

What are some examples of excessive tissue repair?

A

Hypertrophic scar: raised, doesn’t go beyond original wound boundary
Keloid scar: raised, grows beyond original wound boundary
“Proud flesh”: granulation tissue that grows above lvl of surrounding skin preventing re-epithelialization
Wound contractures: exaggerated wound contraction —> wound and surround tissue deformity
Demoid tumours: excess fibroblast and ECM proliferation

Block 4 (17 decks)

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