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Block 4 > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of acute inflammation?

A

Rapid response to infections and tissue dmg
Dev within seconds to minutes
Fluid and neutrophil migration

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2
Q

What is chronic inflammation?

A

Long duration
Associated with tissue destruction
Connective tissue deposited
Blood vessel proliferation

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3
Q

What type of immunity is present between acute vs chronic inflammation?

A

Acute = innate immunity
Chronic = adaptive immunity

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4
Q

What is wrong with not having inflammation?

A

Unchecked infections
Wounds don’t heal

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5
Q

What’s wrong with excess inflammation?

A

Allergies
Sepsis
Autoimmune disease

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6
Q

How does the inflammatory reaction start?

A

Agent in extravascular tissue ID’d by host immune cells
Leukocytes flow from circulation to where the agent is
Rxn is controlled, dmg is repaired, rxn terminated

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7
Q

Give me the 4 main causes of inflammation

A

Infectious agents
Tissue necrosis
Foreign bodies
Immune/hypersensitivity rxn

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8
Q

What is the difference between an allergy and autoimmune disease?

A

Autoimmune is directed against self-antigens
Allergies if it’s directed against environmental substances

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9
Q

This receptor on cell surfaces is most common for antigen recognition

A

TLR

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10
Q

These 3 things recognize antigens

A

Cell surface receptors
Cell sensors
Complement system

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11
Q

What are cell sensors?

A

Detect molecules released from cell dmg
Their activation —> interleukin
Interleukin —> leukocyte recruitment

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12
Q

What are the 5 R’s of inflammatory response? (Goal of inflammation)

A

Recognition
Recruitment of leukocytes
Removal of agent
Regulation of response
Resolution/repair

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13
Q

What are the major elements of acute inflammation?

A

Dilation of small vessels
Increased permeability in microvasc
Accumulation of leukocytes
Activation of leukocytes

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14
Q

What happens to blood flow and vessel permeability in inflammation?

A

Blood flow slows
Permeability increases

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15
Q

This allows leukocytes to accumulate along the blood vessel wall

A

Stasis
Happens bc of fluid lost to interstitial space + increased vessel diameter

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16
Q

What happens to endothelial cells in the presence of inflammatory mediators?

A

They contract —> fluid and protein transport between wall receptors VEGF

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17
Q

What happens to lymphatic flow when there’s inflammation?

A

Increase r/t more fluid in extravascular space

18
Q

What cells secrete growth factor that helps with repair?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

19
Q

What determines the type of leukocyte that infiltrates epithelium?

A

Type of stimulus
Age of inflammatory response

20
Q

This type of cell dominates in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils
Rapid response
Short lived in tissue

21
Q

This cell type dominates in viral infections

A

Lymphocytes

22
Q

These 2 cell types are dominant in hypersensitivity reactions

A

Plasma cell and lymphocytes

23
Q

These cells are the main type in allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

24
Q

These cells help form collagen and scars, remodel connective tissue, and stimulate endothelial and fibroblast proliferation

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

What cells produce prostaglandins?

A

Mast cells
Macrophages
Endothelial cells

26
Q

What enzymes are responsible for generating prostaglandins in tissue in response to inflammation?

A

COX 1
COX 2

27
Q

What does prostaglandin do?

A

Pain and fever

28
Q

What are the 2 most common cytokines?

A

TNF and IL-1

29
Q

This is produced in acute inflammation by microbes and stimulate leukocytes to attack to the endothelium

A

Chemokines

30
Q

What are the functions of the complement system?

A

Histamine release
Chemotactic agents
Help w phagocytosis
Make cells more water and ion permeable

31
Q

Characteristics of serous inflammation

A

Fluid w little/no cells moves into spaces
Early acute inflammation
Blister is an ex of this

32
Q

Tell me about fibrinous inflammation

A

Dev when large leaks in vasc permeability
Dissolved by macrophages

33
Q

What is a consequence of fibrinous inflammation not being cleared?

A

Growth of fibroblasts and blood vessels —> scarring

34
Q

This is the most common inflammatory response in acute pericarditis

A

Fibrinous inflammation

35
Q

What are the characteristics of purulent inflammation?

A

Pus (exudate with neutrophils and necrotic debris)
Commonly caused by bacteria

36
Q

This type of inflammation is found in acute appendicitis

A

Purulent inflammation

37
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Collection of purulent inflammation confined to a space
Central portion is necrosed

38
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Local defect on organ surface r/t sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

39
Q

What happens if acute inflammation isn’t resolved?

A

Chronic inflammation if injurious agent persists

40
Q

What is the usual fate of neutrophils?

A

Apoptosis

Block 4 (17 decks)

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