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Block 4 > Components Of The Immune System > Flashcards

Components Of The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most fundamental function of the immune system?

A

Ability to recognize self and nonself
Must be nonreactive to self

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2
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Innate and acquired

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the innate immune system?

A
  • Nonspecific
  • Elements we’re born with
  • Available on short notice
  • Physical and chemical
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the acquired immune system?

A
  • Specialized
  • Acquired after contact with a particular agent
  • Immunization happens with first contact
  • Creates immunity to attacks from the same agent in the future
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5
Q

What is immunization?

A
  • Part of gaining acquired immunity
  • Contact with an agent triggers lymphocyte activation and antibody production
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6
Q

What cell lineage are adaptive immune cells derived from?

A

Mainly lymphoid, but some cells from the myeloid lineage have a role in adaptive immunity

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7
Q

What cells are derived from the myeloid lineage? (6)

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
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8
Q

What do macrophages do?

A
  • Phagocytosis and activation of batericidal mechanisms
  • Antigen presentation
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9
Q

Where are macrophages found?

A

Mainly in tissues

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10
Q

What are macrophages derived from?

A

Myeloid lineage, blood monocytes

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11
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A
  • Antigen uptake in peripheral sites
  • Antigen presentation in lymph nodes
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12
Q

Where are dendritic cells found?

A

Lymphoid organs

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13
Q

What are dendritic cells derived from?

A

Myeloid lineage, monocytes

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14
Q

What do macrophages and dendritic cells have in common?

A
  • Antigen presentation
  • Innate immune response
  • Phagocytosis
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15
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Activation of bactericidal mechanisms
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16
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Killing antibody-coated parasites

17
Q

Name the granulocyte cells

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
18
Q

Why are granulocytes referred to as polymorphonuclear cells?

A

Have an oddly shaped nucleus with one or more lobes

19
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

Release of granules with histamine and other active agents

20
Q

What do basophils and mast cells have in common?

A
  • Found in tissues
  • Respond to parasites
  • Release mediators that make endothelium more permeable —> neutrophils reaching tissue from circulation
21
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

In the bone marrow

22
Q

What do B-cells do?

A
  • Have antigen-specific Ig receptors
  • Activated B-cells differentiate into plasma cells
  • Plasma cells make antibodies specific to antigen
  • Adaptive immunity
23
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

A

In the thymus

24
Q

What is the receptor on T-cells called?

A

T-cell receptor (TCR)

25
Q

What are the main types of T-cells?

A
  • CD4 helper T-cells
  • CD8 cytotoxic/killer T-cells
26
Q

What do CD4 T-cells do?

A
  • Recognise antigens presented to them by APCs
  • Activate other immune cells (CD8, B cells, macrophages)
  • Specialize into subsets to coordinate immune response
  • Memory formation for future immune response
27
Q

Where do natural killer cells mature?

A

In the bone marrow

28
Q

What do natural killer cells do?

A
  • Innate immune response
  • Kill cancer and virus infected cells
  • Have some function in adaptive immunity
29
Q

Why is the thymus important?

A
  • T-cell maturation site
  • Removes self-reactive T-cells
30
Q

Where are plasma cells found?

A
  • Lymph nodes
    They are B-cells that have been triggered by an antigen
31
Q

What can finding plasma cells in the blood be indicative of?

A

Cancer - myeloma

32
Q

What are the 3 antigen presenting cells?

A
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • B-lymphocytes
33
Q

What do antigen presenting cells do?

A
  • “Chew up and spit out”
  • Digest antigen and present peptides via MHC class II molecules to CD4 cells
  • Link between innate and adaptive immune system
34
Q

Why do lymph nodes swell with infection?

A

Response to infection
1) Proliferation of immune cells
2) Inflammatory response to immune system signals
3) Accumulation of pathogen and immune cell debris
4) Localized infection of lymph node

35
Q

How do immune cells find pathogens to respond to them?

A

Lymphocyte recirculation
- Lymphocytes enter the lymphatic system and adhere inside lymph nodes
- Lymph from infection site reaches nearest lymph node (draining lymph node)
- Immune response ensues

Block 4 (6 decks)

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