Reformation and Exploration Flashcards
Who Was The first wife of Henry VIII (king of England)
cousin to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles the V and one of the major causes the English Reformation.
U-Y
Catherine of Aragon
The act that a priest takes when he has more than one office. U-Y
Pluralism
A way for a catholic to “remove a sin” by paying the church. U-Y
Indulgence
Former Catholic a very prominent Protestant if not the first, wrote the 95 Theses and had a hatred for indulgences. U-Y
Martin Luther
Religious movement that stressed simplicity in Christianity with out the Catholic dogma. U-Y
Modern devotion
Who was the pope who excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church? U-Y
Pope Leo the X
Luther’s 95 Theses U-Y
Luther’s 95 objections to the misdeeds of the Catholic Church (included complaints against indulgences, pluralism, celibacy, etc.).
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor whose Edict of Worms demanded the arrest Martin Luther U-Y
Charles the V (HRE)
Who was the protestant reformer from Zurich, Switzerland, Fought and lost in a civil war against Catholic leaders Died 1531. U-Y
Zwingli
The sick son of Henry the VIII. U-Y
Edward the VI
Who started the Calvinist sect. U-Y
John Calvin
What group wanted to purify the Anglican faith of the catholic church.. U-Y
Puritains
Who is Charles the V he was ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Roman empire. “CF”
Holy Roman Emperor
Series of imperial meetings at the bishops palace at Worms in the Rhineland where Luther defended his doctrines before the emperor Charles V. On 18 April Luther declared his final refusal to recant those doctrines, and on 26 May Charles V issued an imperial Edict condemning those doctrines.
-B.F.
Diet of Worms
Agreement in 1494 giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and Portugal everything to the west. B.F.
Treaty of Tordesillas
What African highland state was a Christian kingdom that shared in Cairo’s’ prosperity? F-Z
Ethiopia
Who controlled the European luxury trade with the east? F-Z
In the late Middle Ages, the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa.
English king who created the Church of England after the pope refused to annul his marriage. Meaning to divorce. SF
Henry VIII
Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic founded by Ignatius Loyola. S.F
Jesuits
Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend to this event.
S.F
Counsel of Trent
What was five of the primary motivations for early European exploration? “CF”
- Wealth-gold/silver
- Religious Freedom (Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers)
- Mercantilism ($$$) from trade, land sales, and fishing
- Expand trade
- Political freedom
- Home for debtors/criminals
What ocean was the center of the Afro-Eurasian trade world? S.V
The Indian Ocean
What were technology and exploration increases after the New World was discovered? K.P.
Caravel which was a new boat not needing a man to operate it, it was smaller, needed less people, and could carry more cargo.
Ptolemy’s Geography gave the world the lines of longitude and latitude
Magnetic compasses
Sails
Gun powder
Which explorer from China was sent as far west as Egypt? S.V
Zheng
What happened after Zurich embraced Protestantism? H.T.
The city council taxed the clergy and placed them under the jurisdiction of civil courts.
Who was the Habsburg ruler of most of Austria? H.T.
Fredrick III
Who led hundreds of ships and tens of thousands of men in each of his seven expeditions in 1405 to 1433? -R.L.
Admiral Zheng He
What caused European expansion? -R.L.
- revival in population
- economic activity
- demand for luxuries/spices
- religious fervor
- exploration
What was a person called who wanted to make changes in order to improve something? KV1
Reformer
What was the main disagreement among the protestants? KV1
Ritual of the Eucharist
Around 1540 to 1550, what city became a model of a Christian community for many Protestant reformers? Why? (JA)
Geneva, because any threats viewed to society (Protestants), were killed or banished. Also because any crimes such as heresy, adultery, blasphemy, and witchcraft were severely punished.
What was the Holy Office? (JA)
The establishment of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, with jurisdiction over the Roman Empire.
A baptized Catholic who willfully and persistently rejects any article of faith. (KV)
Heretic
What Henry VIII called into session and asked to pass a set of laws that ended the pope’s power in England. (KV)
Reformation Parliament
What were the imperial governors of New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata called? (TC)
Viceroys
What was the exchange between the New World and the Old World called? (TC)
The Columbian Exchange
What were the two primary sides in the religious wars following the Reformation? (AE)
Protestants and Catholics
What was the Colombian exchange made up of? (AE)
The Colombian exchange included spreading technologies, spreading diseases to new areas, exchanging produce (plants), and exchanging animals.
Why did Africans begin being used as slaves in North America? (AE)
The majority of Native American slaves were either killed off or weak.
This man rounded the Cape of Good Hope with a fleet
of four ships (SS)
Vasco da Gama
What were black slaves used to grow and harvest in bulk (TN)
Sugar
Court records, songs, printed images showed opposition to the clergy. (EB)
Anticlericalism
A writer that wrote about ancient texts, his experience as a government official, and his moral judgment.
Michel de Montaigne
The name given to followers or Luther. (SS)
Protestants
What metal caused global inflation that stemmed from Spain (TN)
Silver
One of the most famous skeptics, this person invented the essay to convey his ideas, and wrote in an “engaging conversational style” to make his essays more accessible.
(JD)
Michel de Montaigne
John Calvin was the father of Calvinism, and he believed that… (JD)
God specifically chose him to reform the church.
What was the agreement that gave Spain everything to the west of the Atlantic and Portugal everything to the east? (JL)
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who conquered the Mexica? How? (MPN)
Cortez captured the Mexica Empire for gold and wealth, one of main reasons it was so easy to capture the capital was that Spanish army brought diseases and made alliances with surrounding states.
What were the main reasons that Spain sailed west . (MPN)
To find a faster way to Asia because of the Medici were controlling trade and charging high prices
What instrument enabled sailors to determine their direction and position? (JD)
The magnetic compass
What were the objectives of Portuguese exploration policy? (JD)
Military glory, the conversion of Muslims, and a quest to find gold, slaves, and an overseas route to the spice markets of India
Who was Zheng He? LM
- seven huge expeditions
- Chinese explorer with hundreds of ships
- after he died ( along with emperor ) china closed trade
What was Excommunication? (AW)
Refusal of the catholic church to administer the sacraments to a person
Who fought in the battle of Lepanto? (AW)
Spain and the Ottomans
Who was Cardinal Richelieu (XR)
Louis XIII’s Chief Minister
What was important in Europeans diets? (XR)
Bread
What was the Ming Dynasty, (Empire of Great Ming)? FC
The ruling Dynasty of China, (then known as the empire of Great Ming), for 276 years, (1368-1644), following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuon Dynasty.
Why were spices so desirable a century after the Black Death? FC
Not only did spices serve as flavoring, they also were used in anointing oil and as incense for religious rituals, and as perfumes, medicine, and dyes.
This was a powerful empire from 1250-1517 before it was defeated by the Ottomans. AM
The Mamluk Egyptian empire
Who was the last ruler of Mexica Empire before it was conquered? t.j.
Montezuma II
What were the motivations for European witch hunts? t.j.
People believed that witches were heretics because they thought being a witch was demonic or satanic (against god)
Another name for the Aztec Empire.- OT;(
Mexica Empire
Who conquered the Inca Empire in 1533? (SBR)
Francisco Pizarro
Which wars dominated the French military and economy for half of 16th century? m.d.
The Habsburg-Valois wars. The ending of the war brought by the treaty the Concordat of Bologna resulted in the French crown being able to appoint their own bishops, which was economically beneficial for the French.
What act passed under King Henry VIII required the clergy to submit to the Church of England? (JJ)
The Act of the Submission of the Clergy
Who ruled the mexica empire before it was conquered?
t.j.
Montezuma II
why did people kill people who they believed were “witches” during the great European witch hunt.
People believed that they were heretics because they thought being a witch was demonic (against god)
Who released the best version of “Don’t Stop Believing”?
Glee
