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AP European History > Absolutism and Enlightenment > Flashcards

Absolutism and Enlightenment Flashcards

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1
Q

who was the Flemish physician who studied anatomy by dissecting human bodies,often those of executed criminals?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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2
Q

Divine right

S.F

A

Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

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3
Q

What is the absolutism?

H.T.

A

The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

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4
Q

Whats absolutism

CF

A

The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

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5
Q

What is the Franco Swedish phase u-y

A

1635-1648 The fourth phase of the Thirty Years War. Protestant Sweden and Catholic France vs. Catholic Habsburg.

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6
Q

the Fronde is what event uy

A

a french rebellion that was caused by Mazarin’s attempt to increase Money in the royal vault and caused Louis XIV to distrust the state and turn to absolutism.

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7
Q

What is the enlightenment? H.T.

A

It’s the European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.

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8
Q

Navigation Act uy

A

legislation by Oliver Cromwell that required that all goods produced by England were to be transported using English ships.

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9
Q

John Locke

S.F

A

He believed all people had a right to life, liberty, and property.

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10
Q

Whats the Age of Enlightenment

CF

A

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, “The Century of Philosophy”.

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11
Q

Who was Kant? SV

A

A philosopher who brought up the idea/definition of races

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12
Q

What did Tycho Brahe believe?

A

Being part Ptolemaic and part Copernican, he believed that all the planets except the earth revolved around the sun and that the entire group of sun and planets revolved in the turn around the earth-moon system.

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13
Q

when was the works of Brane, Kepler and Galileo accepted by the scientific community?

A

1640.

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14
Q

What are the three Enlightenment ideas used in the Declaration of Independence? H.T.

A

There are many Enlightenment ideals in the Declaration of Independence. One is the idea that all people are entitled to certain rights just by virtue of being human. Another is the belief that a government’s legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. Finally, the Declaration of Independence incorporates the Enlightenment idea that a government’s main purpose is to protect the rights of the people.

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15
Q

What weather event caused a famine and economic crisis in Europe? K.P

A

“The Little Ice Age”

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16
Q

What King was an absolutist and had nobility live in a palace at Versailles? K.P

A

Louis XIV

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17
Q

How did “Ivan the Terrible” hurt Russia K.P

A

He demanded a lot from serfs causing them to join Cossack’s, he killed everyone he thought was against him, he failed to let Russia grow.

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18
Q

What Empire controlled Russia

A

The Mongol Empire

19
Q

When did the Catholics officially reject the Copernican hypothesis? TC

A

1616

20
Q

Why was Galileo threatened with torture? TC

A

He supported the heliocentric theory

21
Q

Though he was a devout Christian, what doctrine did Newton privately reject?

A

The Trinity

22
Q

Heliocentric theory was?

A

The theory that the earth wasn’t at the center of the solar system, instead the sun was

23
Q

What did Copernicus believe, and why did he not publish his beliefs? (JEDII)

A

He believed that the universe was heliocentric (centered around the sun). He didn’t publish his beliefs while he was alive because of the religious implications it would cause.

24
Q

Name a few reasons explaining why France was the center of the Enlightenment. (JEDII)

A
  • French was the language of the educated
  • Tutors there supported the Enlightenment
  • Intellectual radicals didn’t face restraints
25
Q

Who was Copernicus?

HN

A

He wrote the Copernican Hypothesis. This says that the sun is the center of the universe.

26
Q

Who was Paracelsus?

HN

A

He discovered that you can use chemicals and drugs to help illnesses.

27
Q

What was Newton’s profession before physics?

A

Alchemy

28
Q

The death of Ivan and his successor was referred to as what ? -JL

A

Time of Troubles

29
Q

Who undid the policy that allowed each concubine to only have 1 son? -JL

A

Sultan Suleiman

30
Q

Who offered an explanation of the universe that Christians could agree with and what was his theory ? -JL

A

Aristotle, he placed the Earth in the center giving humans significance.

31
Q

Who restricted practice of torture and allowed limited religious tolerance ? -JL

A

Catherine the Great

32
Q

How did Ivan the Great defeat the Mongol?

A

He expanded the principality of Moscow and toward the Baltic Sea and then was able to defy the Mongols and declare the autonomy of Russia

33
Q

What is the theory that calls for indicative reasoning and experimentation? -m.d.

A

Empiricism

34
Q

What system did enlightened thinkers use to connect their ideas to other parts of the world? - m.d.

A

The Republic of Letters

35
Q

What was the Enlightenment in Europe? H.T.

A

The Impact of Enlightenment in Europe. The Age of Reason, as it was called, was spreading rapidly across Europe. In the late 17th century, scientists like Isaac Newton and writers like John Locke were challenging the old order.

36
Q

What was Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes influential in? K.P

A

Describing and advocating for improved scientific methods based respectively on experimentation and mathematical reasoning.

37
Q

What was the governmental move called (lasting 1640-1660) to limit Charles I’s power and what act did they pass? -m.d.

A

Long Parliment, and The Triennial Act (1641) to make the king summon parliament every 3 years.

38
Q

Martinet ( first name jean)

S.F

A

military leader who was known for being extremely strict and adhering to absolutely to the rules.

39
Q

Moliere

S.F

A

was considered a “comedian” for her plays and writings. Louis XIV’s lover.

40
Q

What did Sully create for taxes? CR

A

An annual date to pay them

41
Q

Who was the Russian ruler at 3 years old? CR

A

Ivan IV

42
Q

What country did Catherine the Great invade and take? CR

A

Poland

43
Q

What was the Triennial Act? CR

A

A law that the king must conference with the parliament every three years

AP European History (13 decks)

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