Reflexes - Ch. 5

Question 1

Rooting

Answer 1

Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 3 months
Stimulus: Stroke corner of mouth, upper/lower lip
Response: movement of mouth/head towards stimulus
Relevance: Allows searching for/locating feeding source

Question 2

Suck-swallow

Answer 2

Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2-5 months
Stimulus: place finger inside mouth while head in midline
Response: strong, rhythmical sucking
Relevance: Allows ingestion of nourishment

Question 3

Traction

Answer 3

Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2-5 months
Stimulus: grasp infant’s forearms to pull-to-sit
Response: complete flexion of upper extremities
Relevance: Enhances momentary reflexive grasp

Question 4

Moro

Answer 4

Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Rapidly drop infant’s head backwards
Response: 1) arm extension/abduction; hand opening, 2) arm flexion and adduction
Relevance: Facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response

Question 5

Plantar grasp

Answer 5

Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 9 months
Stimulus: apply pressure w/ thumb to ball of foot
Response: toe flexion
Relevance: increases tactile input to sole of foot

Question 6

Galant

Answer 6

Age onset: 32 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2 months
Stimulus: hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside (L or R) spine with finger from shoulder to buttocks
Response: lateral truck flexion and wrinkling of skin on stimulated side
Relevance: facilitates lateral truck movements necessary for trunk stabilization

Question 7

Asymmetric Tonic Neck (ATNR)

Answer 7

Age onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: fully rotate head and hold for 5 sec
Response: extension of extremities on the face side, flexion on skull side
Relevance: promotes visual hand regard

Question 8

Palmar Grasp

Answer 8

Age onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: place finger in infant's palm
Response: finger flexion/reflexive grasp
Relevance: increases tactile input of the palm

Question 9

Tonic Labyrinthine - Supine

Answer 9

Age onset: > 37 weeks gestation
Integration age: 6 months
Stimulus: place infant in supine
Response: increased extensor tone
Relevance: facilitates total-body extensor tone

Question 10

Tonic Labyrinthine - Prone

Answer 10

Age onset: > 37 weeks gestation
Integration age: 6 months
Stimulus: place infant in prone
Response: increased flexor tone
Relevance: facilitates total-body flexor tone

Question 11

Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting

Answer 11

Age onset: birth - 2 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
Response: Upright positioning of the head
Relevance: Orients head in space; maintains face vertical

Question 12

Landau (Superman)

Answer 12

Age onset: 3-4 months
Integration: 12-24 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone position
Response: complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
Relevance: Breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension

Question 13

Symmetric Tonic Neck (STNR)

Answer 13

Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 8-12 months
Stimulus: Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
Response: Flexion of hips and knees
Relevance: Breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position

Question 14

Neck-righting (NOB)

Answer 14

Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Response: log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with head
Relevance: maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort)

Question 15

Body righting (on body) (BOB)

Answer 15

Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefy
Response: segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
Relevance: Facilitates trunk/spinal rotation

Question 16

Downward parachute (protective extension downward)

Answer 16

Age onset: 4 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
Response: Extension of lower extremities
Relevance: Allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface.

Question 17

Forward parachute (protective extension forward)

Answer 17

Age onset: 6-9 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response: Sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
Relevance: Allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall

Question 18

Sideward parachute (protective extensive sideward)

Answer 18

Age onset: 7 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
Response: Arm extension and abduction to the side
Relevance: Protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm

Question 19

Backward parachute (protective extension backward)

Answer 19

Age onset: 9-10 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side spinal rotation
Relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates

Question 20

Prone tilting

Answer 20

Age onset: 5 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 21

Supine tilting and Sitting tilting

Answer 21

Age onset: 7-8 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 22

Quadruped tilting

Answer 22

Age onset: 9-12 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions

Question 23

Standing tilting

Answer 23

Age onset: 12-21 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant in standing, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions