Reflexes - Ch. 5 Flashcards
Rooting
Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 3 months
Stimulus: Stroke corner of mouth, upper/lower lip
Response: movement of mouth/head towards stimulus
Relevance: Allows searching for/locating feeding source
Suck-swallow
Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2-5 months
Stimulus: place finger inside mouth while head in midline
Response: strong, rhythmical sucking
Relevance: Allows ingestion of nourishment
Traction
Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2-5 months
Stimulus: grasp infant’s forearms to pull-to-sit
Response: complete flexion of upper extremities
Relevance: Enhances momentary reflexive grasp
Moro
Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Rapidly drop infant’s head backwards
Response: 1) arm extension/abduction; hand opening, 2) arm flexion and adduction
Relevance: Facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response
Plantar grasp
Age onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration age: 9 months
Stimulus: apply pressure w/ thumb to ball of foot
Response: toe flexion
Relevance: increases tactile input to sole of foot
Galant
Age onset: 32 weeks gestation
Integration age: 2 months
Stimulus: hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside (L or R) spine with finger from shoulder to buttocks
Response: lateral truck flexion and wrinkling of skin on stimulated side
Relevance: facilitates lateral truck movements necessary for trunk stabilization
Asymmetric Tonic Neck (ATNR)
Age onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: fully rotate head and hold for 5 sec
Response: extension of extremities on the face side, flexion on skull side
Relevance: promotes visual hand regard
Palmar Grasp
Age onset: 37 weeks gestation Integration age: 4-6 months Stimulus: place finger in infant's palm Response: finger flexion/reflexive grasp Relevance: increases tactile input of the palm
Tonic Labyrinthine - Supine
Age onset: > 37 weeks gestation Integration age: 6 months Stimulus: place infant in supine Response: increased extensor tone Relevance: facilitates total-body extensor tone
Tonic Labyrinthine - Prone
Age onset: > 37 weeks gestation Integration age: 6 months Stimulus: place infant in prone Response: increased flexor tone Relevance: facilitates total-body flexor tone
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting
Age onset: birth - 2 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
Response: Upright positioning of the head
Relevance: Orients head in space; maintains face vertical
Landau (Superman)
Age onset: 3-4 months
Integration: 12-24 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone position
Response: complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
Relevance: Breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension
Symmetric Tonic Neck (STNR)
Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 8-12 months
Stimulus: Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
Response: Flexion of hips and knees
Relevance: Breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position
Neck-righting (NOB)
Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Response: log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with head
Relevance: maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort)
Body righting (on body) (BOB)
Age onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefy
Response: segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
Relevance: Facilitates trunk/spinal rotation
Downward parachute (protective extension downward)
Age onset: 4 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
Response: Extension of lower extremities
Relevance: Allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface.
Forward parachute (protective extension forward)
Age onset: 6-9 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response: Sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
Relevance: Allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall
Sideward parachute (protective extensive sideward)
Age onset: 7 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
Response: Arm extension and abduction to the side
Relevance: Protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm
Backward parachute (protective extension backward)
Age onset: 9-10 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side spinal rotation
Relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates
Prone tilting
Age onset: 5 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
Supine tilting and Sitting tilting
Age onset: 7-8 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
Quadruped tilting
Age onset: 9-12 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
Standing tilting
Age onset: 12-21 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: after positioning an infant in standing, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
