Chapter 10 - Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders Part 1 Flashcards
Reisburg’s Stages of Dementia
Stage 1 - No disability noted
Stage 2 - Complains about forgetting normal age-related information
Stage 3 - Beginning signs and deficits are noted
Stage 3 -
Strengths: Remains Independent in ADL, can recognize challenging situations to avoid; in order to minimalize manifested deficit, can utilize compensation as an adaptive mechanism
Weaknesses: Forgets important information for first time in one’s life, experiences difficulty completing complex tasks and negotiating directions to new location
Reisburg’s Stages of Dementia
Stage 4: Deficits are noted in all IADL
Strengths: Can still perform simple, repetitive ADL independently, can live at home with supports, and can follow simple verbal and demonstrational cues
Weaknesses: Becomes increasingly forgetful, becomes unable to follow and sequence written cues or to perform familiar, challenging activities, experiences difficulty in word finding and cannot manage at home without assistance
Reisburg’s Stages of Dementia
Stage 5: Person cannot function independently
Strengths: Can perform ADL and some IADL with correct cues and assistance, can respond to encouragement, and becomes unable to safely drive a car
Weaknesses: demonstrates poor judgement, experiences difficulty with all decision making, forgets to take care of hygiene
Reisburg’s Stages of Dementia
Stage 6: Person cannot perform ADL without cues
Strengths: can perform components of familiar tasks, can follow demonstration/hand over hand cues
Weaknesses: Demonstrate significant deficits in following 2-steps of a task, cannot sequence steps of ADL tasks, cannot speak in full sentences, becomes incontinent of bowel and bladder.
Reisburg’s Stages of Dementia
Stage 7
Person can be in a vegetative state. They are usually bedbound and unable to respond verbally or non-verbally to questions or commands
Schizophrenia
1) The presence of two or more: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, positive symptoms and negative symptoms
2) Disturbance in 1 or more areas of function such as work, relations or self care
3) Continuous signs of illness for 6 months including at least 1 months of symptoms in (1)
Schizophreniform Disorder
Individual meets the criteria for schizophrenia but the episode lasts more than 1 month but less than 6 months (required for diagnosis)
Schizo affective Disorder
Uninterrupted period of illness during which at some time there is a major depressive episode, a major manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet (1) for schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder
Predominant symptoms are non-bizarre delusions with the absence of other criteria (1) symptoms
Brief Psychotic Disorder
At least 1 day but less than 1 month with 1 or more criterion (1) symptoms of schizophrenia which result from severe psychosocial stress
Bipolar I
1 or more manic episodes, may be combined with depressive episodes
Bipolar II
1 or more major depressive episodes, at least 1 hypomanic episode, no history of manic episode
Dysthymia
At least 2 years of depressed mood, most days with depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to be major depressive disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
At least 2 years with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for manic episodes or a major depressive episode
Manic Episode
Abnormally and persistently elevated expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week
3 or more of these symptoms: inflated self-esteem/grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, flight of ideas/racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
Major depressive episode
A 2 week period of depressed mood or loss of interest
5 or more of these symptoms: depressed mood most of day, markedly diminished interest/pleasure, weight loss/gain, increase/decrease in appetite, insomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation/agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, diminished ability to concentrate/make decisions, or recurrent thoughts of death/suicide/attempt
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Nardil and Farnate
Antidepressants - side effects: weight gain, hypotension, insomnia and liver damage
Precautions: over the counter meds: cold, sinus, hay fever, nasal decongestants, asthma inhalants, pep pills, and appetite suppressants
Food with amino acid tyramine (can increase BP) - aged cheese, pickled foods, cured/smoked meats, liver, yogurt, sour cream, fruits that must ripen before eating, fava beans, peapods, chocolate, beer, red wine, meat tenderizers, soy, yeast extracts (and any item not properly stored, expired, overly ripened, or not fresh)
Mixed Episodes
Criteria met for both a manic episode and major depressive episode for at least 1 week
Hypomanic Episode
not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational function or require hospitalization
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Child is chronically irritable and experiences frequent, severe temper outbursts that seem grossly out of proportion to situation at hand
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Suspicious and mistrust of people in general, assign responsibility of their feelings to others - hostile, irritable and angry
Schizoid personality disorder
Lifelong pattern of social withdrawal, discomfort with human interaction, introversion, and bland affect - eccentric, isolated, or lonely
Schizotypical personality disorder
Appear odd or strange in their thinking and behavior to those who meet them - magical thinking, peculiar ideas, ideas of reference, illusions, or derealization
Antisocial personality disorder
Continued antisocial or criminal acts, but it is not synonymous with criminality. Inability to conform to social norms - no regard for safety or feelings of others
Borderline personality disorder
Unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships, and self image - fear of real/imagined abandonment leads to frantic efforts to avoid it.
Recurrent self-destructive behavior either threatened or carried out - majority of people have a history of physical, emotional or sexual abuse
Narcissistic personality disorder
Heightened sense of self-importance and a grandiose feeling that they are special in some way
Histrionic personality disorder
Colorful, dramatic, extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional people.
Inability to maintain deep, long-lasting attachments with accompanying flamboyant presentation
Avoidant personality disorder
Extreme sensitivity to rejection, leading to possible socially withdrawn life - however they do show great desire for companionship and need unusually strong and repeated guarantees of uncritical acceptance
Dependent Personality disorder
Subordinate their own needs to those of others and need others to assume responsibility for major areas in their lives - lack self-confidence and feel discomfort when left alone for a while
Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder
Emotional constriction, orderliness, perseverance, stubbornness, and indecisiveness - pervasive pattern of perfectionism and inflexibility.
