ReduceAdverb Flashcards

1
Q

Reduction with the verb to be (active)

A
  • delete subject and to be (if it is after conjunction (Where, When, While, as if, if, though, although)
  • > Where it is necessary, … (->Where necessary,…)
  • > When he was in London,… (->When in London,…)
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2
Q

How are adverbial clause reduced if they are happening at the same time?

A
  • use present participle or -ing participle
  • > While he was travelling the world,…
  • > While travelling the world,…
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3
Q

How adverbials with reason conjunctions reduced?

A

-as, because, since are deleted

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4
Q

What happens if the subject are not the same in (same time)?

A
  • have to be same

- >cannot be reduced

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5
Q

What happens if the subject are not the same in (different time)?

A

-use both of them in reduced form
->Because it was sunny, we decided to go for a picnic
It being sunny, we decided to go for a picnic

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6
Q

What can you use in place of so, and and

A
  • present participle
  • > We went to his room and closed the door behind him
  • > We went to his room, closing the door behind him
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7
Q

How do you make a participle phrase negative?

A

-by putting not before

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8
Q

What can ing participles also indicate?

A
  • manner

- >Using a ruler, John…

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9
Q

How are adverbial clause reduced if they are happening at the different time? (passive)

A
  • use the active form of perfect participle (having + V3)
  • > As he had lost his money, he was penniless
  • > Having lost his money, he was penniless
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10
Q

Reduction with the verb to be (passive)

A
  • subject and the verb to be are omitted and the past participle of the verb is used
  • Although he was exhausted, he went…
  • > Although exhausted, he went…
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11
Q

How are adverbial clause reduced if they are happening at the different time? (passive)

A
  • passive form of present participle (having been V3)
  • > After we were given a map of the city, …
  • > Having been given a ….
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