Conditions Flashcards
How is a zero conditional sentence build?
- if+ present simple, present simple
- >If you heat ice, it melts
For what is a zero conditional sentence used?
-General or scientific facts and definitions
With what can the if in the zero conditional sentence be replaced?
-when
How is the first conditional sentence build?
- if+ a present tense, will + bare infinitive /
- if+ a present tense, can/may/might/must/should + bare infinitive
- > If you have a birthday party, you’ll get loads of cool presents
For what is the first conditional used?
-Real or likely conditions in the present/ future and their results in the present and future
Give an extra rule for the first condition
- annoying/ request: -will is in the if part
- > if you will be quiet, we will watch a movie
- doubt/uncertainty or insistence: -would or should in the if clause
What can you use instead of will?
- may, might, can, could, shall
- should, ought to, have to
What can a student use instead of the present simple (in the first condition), and what does it show?
- use should + bare infinitive instead
- >situation is possible, but unlikely to happen ( If you should bump into… , you will be able…)
What does if + a present tense, imperative initiate?
- gives instructions about real or likely situations in the present or future
- > If you see him, tell him to come immediately
Which meaning do the word or phrases have? (u…)
- unless = ‘except if’ or ‘if not’
- in case= ‘because he/she/it/etc might’
- as/ so long as= ‘if’ or ‘only if’
- provided= ‘if’ or ‘only if’
- providing= ‘assuming’
Name some words or phrases which can be replaced with ‘if’
- unless, in case, as/so long as, provided/providing
- on condition that
How is the second conditional sentence build?
- if+ past simple or past continuous, would + bare infinitives
- > If you had a beard, you would look just like Charles Dickens!
For which kind of use is the second conditional sentence used?
- to state impossible, unlikely or hypothetical conditions in the present or future and their results in the present or future
- advice
- > untrue in the present
What can you also use instead of would in the second conditional sentence?
- might or could
- > could= would be able to (
Which word can you put in the if clause? (second conditional sentence)
-could: was/ were able to
How is the third conditional sentence build?
-if+ past perfect (simple or continuous), would + have + past participle
What does the third conditional sentence emphasize?
- hypothetical conditions in the past and their results in the past
- > imaginary situation contrary to facts in the past; regrets or criticism
What can you also use instead of would in the third conditional sentence?
-might, could, or should
How are the mixed conditional sentence build?
- the first: if+ past perfect (simple or continuous), would + bare infinitives
- the second: if + past simple or past continuous, would + have + past participle
For what is the first mixed conditional sentence used?
-hypothetical past condition and a present result
For what is the second mixed conditionals used?
-hypothetical present condition and a past result
Name the form of inverted conditionals
- Should I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc should…
- Were I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc were…
- Had I/you/he/etc … instead of If I/you/he/etc had…
Name the use of inverted conditionals
- More formal form of the first conditional (with should)
- More formal form of the second conditional (were)
- More formal form of the third conditional (had)
What comes sometimes after modals?
-modals (will, would, could, etc) are sometimes followed by a continuous infinitive (We’d still be waiting if you had not turned up)
What is very unusual in British English?
-with second and third conditionals in informal conversations, would or would have is sometimes used in the if clause (by Americans)
Which other expressions can you use instead of ”if”?
- unless (=if… not), providing, provided (assuming)
- as/so long as, in case, on condition that
- but for + -ing form/noun
- otherwise, else
- only if (extra rule: subject and verb are inverted)
Give a sentence instructed with but for + -ing form/noun
- But for your help, I would not have completed the study
- > present: If it were not for…
- > past: If it hadn’t been for…
