CaE2 Flashcards
Give an example for present and future unreal conditional
-if children got better grades on their exams, parents wouldn’t be so worried
What are present and future unreal conditionals describing?
-imagined situations (situations that are not true)
How do you form present and future unreal conditionals?
-if conditional 2: use simple past or past progressive (If clause) and could, might, or would in the main clause
What can you do in the formal language (related to the if clause and if conditional 2) ?
-use were for the verb be for all subjects, including I (for more formal tone)
Which role does each part has in present and future unreal conditionals?
-if clause describes an imaged condition (sth. not true at the time of speaking or writing ); main clause describes predicted result possible outcome
What does would, could, and might express? (In present and future unreal conditionals)
- would = describes the predicted result (in main clause)
- could/might = express something that is possible or doable (machbar) (main clause)
What do could and the past progressive describe in the if clause? (present and future unreal conditionals)
- describe an imagined possible situation
- > If the city could hire… / If school weren’t improving…
How can you show the present and future time?
-by using time words (today, next year)
How can you give someone advice?
-use unreal conditionals: if I were you + I would bare infinitive
What do past unreal conditionals express?
- situation that were not true in the past
- something that was possible but did not happen
- regrets or sadness
- > if conditionals 3
How is the past unreal conditionals build?
- past perfect in the if clause
- main clause: could/may/might/would have and the past participle of the verb
Which role does each part has in past unreal conditionals?
- if clause express the past unreal condition (a situation that was unreal in the past)
- main clause describes an imagined result
What does would,could, and might have express?
- would have :a predicted result
- could/might have : something ossicle or doable(machbar)
How can you give advice in the past unreal conditionals?
-if had been you… ( had is often contracted as ‘d
What do sentences with wish express?
-a desire for something to be different, or feelings of sadness
How is a wish sentence build (for present)?
- wish is followed by a that clause + verbs in the simple past or past progressive, or the modal could
- > I wish (that) we had ..
- > I wish (that) we were doing…
- > I wish (that) we could have…
How is a wish sentence build (for future)?
- that clause + was/were going to or the modals could or would
- > I wish (that) I were going to have…
- > I wish (that) she could go…
- > I wish (that) I would have…
How is a wish sentence build (for past)?
- that clause + with the verb in the past perfect
- >I wish (that) we had had…
What is often omitted in informal speaking (wish)?
-that
With what can wish be replaced?
-if only
How can you express desires in a formal way?
- wish + full infinitive
- I hope
What is the difference between I wish I could and I wish he would?
- he would -> criticizing other people or complaining about a situation
- I could -> expressing hypothetical ability or permission
What do we usually not say in wishes?
-I would
How is a sentence with had better build?
-had better + present bare inf
-> He had better not wait any longer (present/ future reference)
-would have been better if+ past perfect
-> It would have been better if he had phoned us to tell us not to wait
(= He should have phoned us to tell us not to wait…)
You can replace had better with?
-should
What is equal to would rather?
-I would prefer/sooner
Name the rules for would rather when both subject are the same
- I’d rather + present bare infinitive (present/ future reference)
- > I’d rather stay in tonight
- I’d rather + perfect bare infinitive (past reference)
- > I’d rather not have taken the bus, but I had no choice
Name the rules for would rather when both subject are not the same
- I’d rather sb + past simple (present/ future reference)
- > I’d rather you didn’t shout to me
- I’d rather sb + past perfect (past reference)
- > I’d rather you had come with me yesterday
Name some sentence types for prefer
- prefer + gerund/noun + to + gerund/noun (general preference)
- > I prefer watching TV to reading books
- prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (general preference)
- > I prefer to eat what I want rather than count calories
- would prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (specific pref)
- > I’d prefer to play football rather than watch it
Name one extra sentence type for would rather
- would rather + bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive
- >I’d rather ski than skate
