CaE1

Question 1

When do authors use simple sentences?

Answer 1

-to express facts or opinions strongly

Question 2

When do they use compound sentences?

Answer 2

-to link related ideas such as causes and effects

Question 3

How many clauses does a simple sentence have? What kind of elements may come after the verb?

Answer 3

• has only one clause, called a main clause or an independent clause (must have a S and V)
• object, prepositional phrase, adjective, adverb

Question 4

What must be the subject of a sentence? Name some kinds

Answer 4

• must be a noun phrase
• adjective + noun, pronoun, noun and noun
• noun + prepositional phrase, noun + relative clause,
• gerund

Question 5

What can the verb of a sentence consist of?

Answer 5

• a single main verb
• or a main verb with an auxiliary verb (be, do, and have) ,or a model (can and will) , could also consist of more than one verb

Question 6

What is a sentence called when a subject or a verb is missing?

Answer 6

-fragment

Question 7

How can you connect independent clauses? Name some

Answer 7

• with transition words (->makes the relationship bw. two ideas clear)
• As a result, consequently, furthermore, however
• put a period or a semicolon before a transition word, use a comma after a transition word
• / only a semicolon (no trans. word) if clauses are closely related

Question 8

Which two kind of sentence should you avoid?

Answer 8

• run-on sentence and comma splice
• run-on sentence: two independent sentence without a coordinating conjunction (missing and, but, or, so, yet)
• comma splice: two independent clauses are combined with a comma (put a period between them)

Question 9

Which two words should not introduce a sentence even though it is common?

Answer 9

-And or but

Question 10

What is the complex sentence consist of?

Answer 10

-have one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

Question 11

How is a dependent sentence introduced?

Answer 11

• by a subordinator

- >shows the relationship between the two thing

Question 12

Name some examples for subordinators?

Answer 12

• although, after, as if, before

- if, since, whereas, whether, while

Question 13

How does a use of a comma is represented in a complex sentence?

Answer 13

-when the dependent clause comes first, use a comma to separate it from ind. clause

Question 14

Which subordinators do you use to express cause and effect relationships?

Answer 14

-because, if, since

Question 15

What is also a fragment mistake?

Answer 15

-a dependent clause that is not connected with the independent clause

Question 16

How can you avoid dependent clause mistakes?

Answer 16

• connect the dependent clause with the independent clause (by putting a comma (if the dependent comes first))
• change the subordinator to a transition word that can introduce an independent clause

Question 17

How can a cause and effect relationship be shown?

Answer 17

-through the use of the nouns cause, reason, and factor

Question 18

Name two expressions and patterns that are commonly used with the noun cause and a form of the verb be

Answer 18

• … is a/one cause of….

- Another cause of … is….

Question 19

What does a cause clause usually express?

Answer 19

• a negative effect

- does not usually occur with words that are related to success or positive results

Question 20

Name some expressions and patterns that are commonly used with the noun reason and a form of the verb be

Answer 20

• One reason (why) … is …
• The reason for … is …
• … . For this reason / these reasons, ….

Question 21

Name two expressions and patterns that are commonly used with the noun factor and a form of the verb be

Answer 21

• … is a / one factor in …

- Another factor in … is …

Question 22

Name some adjectives that most frequently occur with cause

Answer 22

• leading, probable, common, root
• underlying, exact, major, likely
• main, important, primary

Question 23

Name some adjectives that most frequently occur with reason

Answer 23

-good, major, real, main, primary, biggest

Question 24

Name some adjectives that most frequently occur with factor

Answer 24

-important, another, major, key, significant, critical