Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Board Exam Review > Red Flags > Flashcards

Red Flags Flashcards

1
Q

progressively declining mental function at any age

A

degeneration and death of brain neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chronic or repeated dizziness occurring other than when standing up

A

cerebral neuronal hypofunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

increasing confusion in elderly person days, weeks, or months after minor head trauma

A

chronic subdural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

severe dizziness immediately after standing up

A

severe orthostatic hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adult or child w/ inattention and/or hyperactivity severely interfering w/ daily function

A

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sudden unconsciousness followed by severe drowsiness in previously healthy adult

A

seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sudden leg weakness and possible unconsciousness in elderly person when turning head

A

drop attack from vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dizziness and slow heartbeat (<60 bpm) that does not increase w/ activity in elderly person

A

sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

loud snoring, gasping during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness

A

sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

excessive daytime drowsiness and sudden falling asleep in daytime w/o warning

A

narcolepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

animal bite of finger w/ subsequent swelling and pain

A

serious infection of tendon and/or bone (osteomyelitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cough w/ bloody sputum in patient w/o obvious respiratory infection

A

lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

painless, bloody urine in man over 50 (gross hematuria)

A

urinary tract cancer (usually bladder cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vaginal bleeding years after last menses

A

uterine cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

new nipple retraction and/or fixed breast lump in male or female

A

breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

blueness of lips (peri-oral cyanosis) and nail beds

A

advanced hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sudden shortness of breath in the middle of the night, cough, bilateral ankle swelling

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) from congestive heart failure (CHF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cough w/ severe episodic shortness of breath and expiratory wheezing

A

moderate to severe chronic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unexplained or poorly explained trauma or failure to thrive in a toddler or young child

A

child abuse and/or neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

non-centring of reflected light in one pupil, crossed eye

A

strabismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

child w/ defective language skills, self-isolating behaviour, repetitive non-useful motions

A

autism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

child w/ sore throat, high fever (>102F), inspiratory stridor, drooling

A

acute epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

crying child holding flexed arm against body w/ hand pronated

A

nursemaid’s elbow (dislocation of elbow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

new onset of constipation and unexplained weight loss in person over 40

A

carcinoma of colon and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

acute bloody diarrhea (>6-8 loose stools/day) and fever >101.5 F

A

serious enteritis (gastritis if also vomiting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chronic fatigue w/ shortness of breath and/or chest pain

A

significant cardiopulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

chronic fatigue w/ enlarged lymph nodes and/or abdominal mass

A

primary lymphatic cancer/metastatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

chronic fatigue in patient w/ jaundice and/or enlarged liver

A

serious liver disease, liver cancer, or mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

chronic fatigue and unintended or unexplained weight loss

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

chronic, debilitating fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, sleep disturbance

A

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

persistence of fever 101.5 F for over two weeks

A

occult infection, metabolic, or autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

fever >103.5 F plus severe sore throat

A

streptococcal throat infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

fever above 105 F

A

possible brain damage if not brought down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

progressive unilateral loss of hearing and balance

A

acoustic neuroma (AN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

indigestion, upper abdominal pain, feeling of fullness under diaphragm following a meal

A

acute gallbladder inflammation (acute cholecystitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

amenorrhea, anorexia, and athleticism in young women

A

female athletic triad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pain that progressively worsens over weeks or months

A

ongoing tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

pain that steadily increases in severity over weeks to months

A

threat of irreversible damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

progressively worsening pain after surgery

A

pain red flag post-surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

increasingly painful area that turns numb

A

total sensory nerve destruction

41
Q

worsening of any stable chronically recurring pain

A

new necrosis or injury

42
Q

persistently inflamed joint

A

permanent joint and soft tissue damage

43
Q

unexplained bone fracture caused by minimal or unidentified trauma

A

pathological deterioration of bone

44
Q

severe immediate pain, numbness, weakness, and/or loss of function after trauma

A

fracture or disruption of vital structure

45
Q

skin changes persisting many weeks after trauma

A

complex regional pain syndrome (CPS)

46
Q

abdominal pain and rigidity of abdominal muscles

A

irritation of inner lining of abdominal peritoneum from blood and/or pus

47
Q

upper abdominal (mid-epigastric) pain and vomiting of blood

A

upper GI hemorrhage from inner lining of stomach and/or esophagus

48
Q

daily heartburn for many years

A

chronic esophagitis

49
Q

severe abdominal pain, better w/ leaning forward, nausea and vomiting

A

acute pancreatitis

50
Q

mid-abdominal pain followed by vomiting then pain moving to right lower abdomen

A

acute appendicitis

51
Q

sudden lessening of appendicitis symptoms, followed by worsening of pain and fever

A

“honeymoon” from decreased pressure in appendix, then peritonitis

52
Q

mid to lower abdominal colicky pain, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distention

A

bowel obstruction

53
Q

low back pain w/ progressive leg numbness, tingling, and weakness

A

compression neuropathy from pressure on lumbar nerve roots (radiculopathy)

54
Q

back pain w/ insidious onset and progressive, unintentional weight loss

A

cancer of spine

55
Q

back pain, progressive bilateral leg weakness and erectile dysfunction in man >40 years old

A

cauda equina syndrome

56
Q

severe, localized midline back pain w/ spinal process tenderness to percussion

A

vertebral compression fracture w/ possible underlying osteoporosis or tumor

57
Q

chest pressure coming on reliably w/ physical exertion

A

angina pectoris

58
Q

sharp chest pain and shortness of breath w/ unilateral or bilateral asymmetric ankle swelling

A

pulmonary embolus (PE)

59
Q

sudden, spontaneous, sharp unilateral chest pain, and shortness of breath

A

pneumothorax

60
Q

earache, ear drainage, fever, severe tenderness of mastoid process

A

acute mastoiditis

61
Q

persistent elbow pain and stiffness after fall on an outstretched hand

A

fracture of radial head of elbow

62
Q

elbow swelling and pain w/ diminished radial pulse and/or hand numbness after a fall

A

supracondylar fracture of the humerus

63
Q

facial pain over sinuses, fever, purulent drainage from nose continuously for >3 months or recurrently for >6 months

A

chronic bacterial sinusitis

64
Q

bunion deformity of great toe displacing adjacent toes

A

serious hallux valgus deformity with subluxation of adjacent joints

65
Q

headache, eye pain, blurry or haloed vision, nausea, vomiting

A

acute closed-angle glaucoma

66
Q

sudden, cataclysmic headache in a middle-aged hypertensive patient

A

nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NTSAH)

67
Q

traumatic, progressive, intermittent hip pain on movement and decreased hip range of motion

A

avascular necrosis of the hip

68
Q

hip, knee, groin pain w/ limp in obese adolescent with or without trauma, with decreased hip range of motion on exam

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

69
Q

knee trauma with pain and immediate and severe swelling of the knee

A

internal derangement of the knee

70
Q

posterior calf pain reliably occurring after walking a specific distance

A

intermittent claudication from peripheral artery disease

71
Q

late teen to early adult w/ focal, persistent shin pain after increasing running distance

A

stress fracture of tibia

72
Q

neck pain w/ tingling, numbness, or pain radiating down one arm

A

cervical nerve root radiculopathy

73
Q

neck pain and progressive sensory changes and weakness in both arms and legs

A

spinal cord injury

74
Q

shoulder pain and progressive inability to abduct the arm due to shoulder stiffness

A

adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (frozen shoulder)

75
Q

severe sore throat, high fever, drooling, and difficulty swallowing in an adult

A

peritonsillar abcess

76
Q

pain on urination (dysuria) w/ high fever, chills, frequent urination, pain in back and malaise

A

kidney infection (acute pyelonephritis)

77
Q

chronic tenderness in anatomic snuffbox; pain of wrist after fall on an outstretched hand

A

occult fracture of the scaphoid (navicular) bone of the wrist

78
Q

sudden, severe anxiety, smothering sensation, chest pain w/ complete recovery

A

panic disorder

79
Q

non-drug induced auditory hallucination, delusions, tangential thinking

A

schizophrenia

80
Q

patient who feels pessimistic, hopeless, and helpless

A

major depression

81
Q

depression followed by an episode of hyper-excitation or euphoria

A

manic phase of bipolar disorder

82
Q

personality change, social withdrawal, unstable relationships, evasiveness, and decreased academic performance in an adolescent or adult

A

drug abuse (partial loss of control over drug use) or addiction (loss of control over drug use)

83
Q

resting heart rate >100 bpm, hypervigilance, warm skin

A

hyperthyroidism

84
Q

irregularly irregular pulse w/ rate >100 bpm

A

atrial fibrillation w/ uncontrolled ventricular response

85
Q

15 minute episode of unilateral tingling/numbness that resolves completely

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

86
Q

slow onset of patchy numbness and weakness of >1 body areas

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

87
Q

growth or change in dark skin lesion

A

malignant melanoma

88
Q

unilateral, painless lymph node swelling in the neck, arm, or groin

A

lymphoma

89
Q

painless and hard are w/in the testicle of a young adult male

A

testicular cancer

90
Q

one-sided ankle/distal calf swelling or asymmetric bilateral swelling (>3 cm difference)

A

blood clot in deep vein of the calf (deep vein thrombosis)

91
Q

bilateral, pitting ankle swelling w/ shortness of breath

A

congestive heart failure

92
Q

swelling of one arm w/ shoulder and/or armpit (axillary) pain

A

subclavian vein deep venous thrombosis

93
Q

swelling and itching of lips following insect sting or food, herb, supplement, or drug ingestion

A

impending anaphylactic reaction

94
Q

sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye

A

detached retina

95
Q

transient, painless “curtain” coming down over vision of one eye then lifting

A

amaurosis fugax (AF)

96
Q

double vision following blunt trauma to one that subsequently appears lower than the other eye

A

blowout fracture of the eye orbit w/ entrapment of inferior rectus muscle in the fracture

97
Q

blurry vision, frequent urination, increased hunger and fatigue in an adult

A

adult onset diabetes mellitus (type II)

98
Q

mild weight gain (5-10 pounds) w/ lethargy, dry hair, and cold extremities

A

hypothyroidism, overt (clinical)

99
Q

weight loss and/or failure to maintain adequate body weight due to body image concerns

A

anorexia nervosa

Board Exam Review (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions