Reconstruction Flashcards
What did congressional republicans mean by conquired provinces
Independent pieces of land the US took
Why were the Congressional republicans worried about rapid remission of the southern states
fear that such a lenient
plan would allow Southerners to re-
enslave the newly freed Blacks
List Three New Ammendments and how did the effetct blacks
13th Amendment (December, 1865)– abolished slavery Under Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction 14th Amendment (1868)– “due process of law” and applying the Bill of Rights to state governments, guaranteed citizenship to freed slaves
What was the goal of the Freedman’s bureau
to meet the immediate
needs of refugees and freedmen.
What provisions did the Freedman’s bureau provide for refugees and freedman
established schools and hospitals and
provided courts to settle legal disputes involving freed
blacks, provide education, and Confiscated and abandoned lands could be rented and
sold to freedmen.
What was the greatest achievement of the Freedman’s bureau
education
How many blacks did the Freedman’s bureau teach to read
200,000
How did Johnson view the Freedman’s buerau
believed the agency should be
killed
What was the purpose of black codes
laws that restricted
freedmen’s rights.
What were the provisions of these black codes
Curfews, Vagrancy Laws, Labor Contracts, and Land Restrictions
Cycle of Sharecropping
1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land.
2. Poor whites and freedmen sign contracts to work a landlord’s acreage in exchange for a part of the crop.
3. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing and food.
4. At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth. Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt
5. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord.
What did slaves/poor whites do in Tenant Farming
Paid to rent the land and chose
which crops to plant and how
much to work.
Did slaves own the land they farmed on?
No
goal of the KKK
sought to eliminate
the Republican Party in the
South by intimidating voters.
Two ways the KKK tourmented their victums
They planted burning crosses
on the lawns of their victims
and tortured, kidnapped, or
murdered them.
Whomst did the KKK target
Prosperous African Americans,
carpetbaggers, and scalawags
became their victims.
What was the reason the house voted to impeach Johnson
“high crimes and
misdemeanors.” He tried to fire secretary of war Edward M. Santon but COngress enacted the Tenture Act of 1867 which told the president he couldnt fire anyone with the approcal of the Senate. Johnson fired him anyway
What did the Tenture Act of 1867 require
Required the president to secure the consent of the Senate before removing a cabinet member once they had been approved by Senate.
Failures of Rec
Many white southerners remain bitter toward the
federal government and the Republican Party.
Ø The South is slow to industrialize.
Ø After federal troops are withdrawn, southern
state governments and terrorist organizations
effectively dent African Americans the right to
vote.
Ø Many black and white southerners remain
caught in a cycle of poverty.
Ø Racist attitudes toward African Americans
continue, in both the South and the North.
Succeses of Rec
Union is Restored
Ø The South’s economy grows and new wealth is created
in the North.
Ø Freedman’s Bureau and other organizations help many
black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling.
Ø Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education.
Ø 14th and 15th amendments guarantee African Americans
the rights;
What was Lincoln’s goal to restore the union and what did he promise southern states
Goal was to restore the Union with as
little malice as possible, he promised
rapid readmission of Southern states
into the Union.
How did Lincoln view the south
He believed that the South had never legally withdrawn from the Union, so restoration was to be relatively simple. He did not want to punish the South.
10% plan
Included all southern voters, except high-ranking Confederate officials. (Denied pardons to officers and anyone who had killed African American war prisoners). They could get a full pardon and restoration of rights (after 10% of voters) taking an oath, pledging loyalty to the Union and accepting the end of slavery.
What were states entitled to with the 10% plan and what would happen after their entitlements
They were also entitled to vote in elections, create state governments with state Constitutions. After that the state would be eligible for representation in Congress and readmitted into the Union.
What was Johnson’s tweak to the 10% plan
Each state could create a new
constitution without Lincoln’s 10%
allegiance requirement.
How did souther states get these constitutions and what happened to the southern generals
States had to void secession, abolish
slavery and the U.S. would repudiate
(refuse to pay) the confederate debt.
Officially denied pardons to all
Confederate leaders (disenfranchised- deprived of the right to vote), however
Johnson often issued pardons to those
who asked him personally.
States had to ratify the 13th
Amendment.
date of Johnson’s tweak
May 29, 1865
Wade Davis Bill
Required 50% of the states’ voters to
take oaths of allegiance and demanded
stronger safeguards for emancipation.
date of Wade-Davis bill
July, 1864
What would military leaders do in the wade davis bill and how would southern states be viewed in this bill
Military governors to rule Southern
states and South should be treated as
conquered territory.
Why did Congress pass the bill
Congress passed the bill due to
Republican fear that such a lenient
plan would allow Southerners to re-
enslave the newly freed Blacks
What did Lincoln do to the WD bill
pocket vetoed it
Reconstruction act
Divided the South into 5 Military Zones(map) each commanded by a Union general and policed by Union soldiers. It also required that states wishing to be readmitted into the Union had to ratify the 14th Amendment and that states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote.
Reconstruction Act date
March 2, 1867
What did Rads view the main goal of reconstruction be
Insisted the main goal of
Reconstruction should be a
restructuring of society to guarantee
black people true equality.
led the Republicans
radicals in the Senate for black
freedom and racial equality.
Charles Sumner
led the radicals in
the House of Representations.
Thaddeus Stevens
defined
citizenship and outlawed discrimination
on the basis of race.
Civil Rights Act of 1865
Blacks began to organize politically.
Union Leauge
The League became
a network of
political clubs that educated members
in their civic duties and campaigned for
Republican candidates.
Provisions of Union Leauge
Built churches and schools, represented Black grievances before local employers and governments and recruited militias to protect black communities from white retaliation.
term applied to Northerners who went
South after the Civil War, often for
economic or political reasons),
Northern Carpetbaggers
(whites who
cooperated with post-Civil War
Republican Reconstruction).
Southern scalawags
