Chapter 27-28 Flashcards
What pressures are the authors referring to in the beginning of the chapter?
The country is bursting with a new sense of power generated by a strong growth in
population. Wealth and productive capacity. Labor violence. Agrarian unrest increased.
What motives does the U.S. deem necessary for expansion beyond our continental boundaries?
Farmers and factory owners began to look for markets beyond American shores as
agricultural and industrial production boomed.
The European nations had been gobbling up colonies all during the 1800’s, now America
wanted a slice of the world pie. (Show map: Imperialism)
What are the factoring affecting expansion?
Economic, Humanitarian, and Military
Economic
Growth of economic industries. Manufacturing nations need more natural resources
(rubber and petroleum) and secure economic markets abroad.
Humanitarian
Desire to spread Christianity and Anglo-Saxon ideals around the world. Social
Darwinism
Military
Belief that American security needed to be protected by maintaining militarily
strategic lands.
Growing navies need new naval bases worldwide.
Yellow Press
Techniques to sell newspapers using scandal and sensationalism. William
Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. Describes foreign exploits as manly
adventures. The sensationalism in reporting, stirred up the desire to
take over lands. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer’s
newspapers painted the far-off lands as exotic, adventurous, and
captured young people’s imaginations.
Missionary impulse
Missionaries wanted to save souls in un-Christian lands (civilizing and
Christianizing savages). Namely, Rev. Josiah Strong pushed
imperialism in his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its
Present Crisis. They looked overseas for new souls to harvest. The
“backwards” peoples.
Darwinism
Some people (like Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge) applied Darwin's survival-of-the-fittest theory to nations. It was the order of things for the strong to conquer the weak. The earth belonged to the strong and fit
New Steel Navy
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote a book titled The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History, 1660-1783. It said that the key to a nation’s power is
through naval power. Thus, to become a world power, the U.S. needed to
build up her navy. This book helped start a naval race among the great
powers and moved the U.S. to naval supremacy. It motivated the U.S. to look
to expanding overseas.
A. American planters hoped to annex Hawaii. What was their motivation?
Hawaii had been alluring to Americans since the early 1800’s when shippers, sailors,
whalers, and missionaries went there. The first New England missionaries
reached Hawaii in 1820.
The sugar companies grew restless. Concerns were that (a) Japan might try to take over
and (b) the McKinley Tariff of 1890 had raised prices of Hawaiian sugar/fruit imported to
the U.S. to 48%.
As a result, sugar imports from Hawaii became less profitable with the McKinley Tariff of
1890. American planters decided that the best way to overcome the tariff would be to
annex Hawaii
By the later 1800’s, a few things were pertinent to the Hawaii situation…
- America largely regarded Hawaii as an unofficial part of the U.S. Beginning
in the 1840s, the State Department warned other countries to stay out of
Hawaii. (or, leave Hawaii to the U.S.). In 1887, a treaty with the native government
guaranteed naval-base rights at Pearl Harbor. - American fruit and sugar companies were deeply entrenched in Hawaii.
They largely ran the islands due to their economic power. - There was growing resistance by the native Hawaiians __toward the U.S. due to
the increased influence by Americans.
What stood in the way of annexation?
Queen Liliuokalani resisted. She said the native Hawaiians should run Hawaii.
In 1893, the whites staged a revolt and the U.S. military helped to dethrone the queen.
Notably, this was all done locally in Hawaii, completely unofficially from Washington D.C.
Papers were drawn up to annex Hawaii and sent to Washington.
Grover Cleveland had just become president and he didn’t like the way Hawaii was taken
and stopped the annexation. (The U.S. would get Hawaii 5 years later, in 1898).
Prior to the war, Cuba was a colony of
Spain
Cuba fought for independence in
1868 and 1895
Sugar production in Cuba became less profitable after the _____.
Tariff of 1894
They began a
campaign to destroy ______ ______ and hoped for U.S. intervention.
Spanish Cuba
]nationalist who was exiled to NY (died before independence achieved)
Jose Marti—nationalist
Spanish general who put Cubans into concentration camps
General Valeriano Weyler-
News that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates
events in order to attract readers
Yellow Journalism
(San Francisco Examiner & New York Journal) (Yellow Journalism)
William Randolph Hearst
(St. Louis Post-Dispatch & New York World) (Yellow Journalism)
Joseph Pulitzer
A letter from a Spanish minister was printed in ______ Journal;
Hearst’s
the letter insulted
McKinley and
angered Americans
Why did the U.S.S. Maine enter the Cuban waters?
USS Maine entered the Cuban waters to evacuate and protect American Citizens.
U.S. ship exploded in Havana Harbor. When and how many soldiers died
(February 15, 1898, 266 Sailors died).
McKinley was hoping to avoid a war, what pushed him to change his mind?
“Remember the Maine” became a war slogan.
McKinley gave in to public demand. He sent a message to Congress asking for a
Declaration of War.
War declared:
April 11, 1898
Congress appropriated ____ million for military preparations for the war.
$50 million
a diverse group of volunteer cavalry of western
frontiersmen and Eastern college men. Helped to launch his political career.
Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
– San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898 (near Santiago)
