Chapter 22 Flashcards
Aftermath of the civil war
More Americans: were killed in the Civil
War than in all other American wars
combined, from the colonial period through
the later phase of the Vietnam War (1959-
1975).
Society in the South after Civil War
Pre-war social hierarchy (wealthy plantation owner experienced a temporary loss of power) was shaken.
Over 250,000
Confederate soldiers
lay dead (ages 18-
35)
Physical destruction of the South
Widespread in the South where most of the fighting took place (Sherman's march to the sea). Ø Railroads and industries were in shambles. Ø More than 1/2 of all farm machinery was destroyed.
Economic Impact of the Civil War
40% of all livestock had been killed Ø Confederate money and bonds were worthless (they raised money for the war by printing national and state bonds and currency) Ø The market for cash crops (cotton, sugar, & tobacco) had shriveled. Ø Emancipation had freed the South's slave labor supply.
Questions that faced the nation after the civil war
How would the South, physically devastated by war
and socially revolutionized by emancipation, be
rebuilt?
Ø How would the liberated blacks fare as free men
and women?
Ø How would the southern states be reintegrated into
the Union?
Ø Who would direct the process of Reconstruction-–
the Southern states themselves, the president or
Congress?
What was Lincoln’s goal after the civil war - PR
to restore the Union with as little malice as possible, he promised rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. He believed that the South had never legally withdrawn from the Union, so restoration was to be relatively simple. He did not want to punish the South.
What was the 10% plan - PR
Included all southern voters, except high-ranking Confederate officials. (Denied pardons to officers and anyone who had killed African American war prisoners). They could get a full pardon and restoration of rights (after 10% of voters) taking an oath, pledging loyalty to the Union and accepting the end of slavery.
Another part of the 10% plan - PR
They were also entitled to vote in elections, create state governments with state Constitutions. After that the state would be eligible for representation in Congress and readmitted into the Union.
What did Johnson do to the 10% plan - PR
Each state could create a new
constitution without Lincoln’s 10%
allegiance requirement.
How did states do Johnson’s tweak?
States had to void secession, abolish slavery and the U.S. would repudiate (refuse to pay) the confederate debt. Officially denied pardons to all Confederate leaders (disenfranchised- deprived of the right to vote), however Johnson often issued pardons to those who asked him personally. States had to ratify the 13th Amendment.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill - CR
Required 50% of the states’ voters to take oaths of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation. Military governors to rule Southern states and South should be treated as conquered territory.
When did Johnson add his tweak - PR
May 29, 1865
Why did congress sign the wade davis bill - CR
Congress passed the bill due to
Republican fear that such a lenient
plan would allow Southerners to re-
enslave the newly freed Blacks
What did Lincoln do to the Wade-Davis Bill - CR
The bill was pocket-vetoed (refused to sign, the Congress session expired so the bill died) by Lincoln which showed the deep differences between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
13th Amendment - CR
abolished slavery Under Johnson’s plan for
Reconstruction
When was the 13th ammendment enacted - CR
December, 1865
14th Ammendment - CR
“due process
of law” and applying the Bill of Rights
to state governments, guaranteed
citizenship to freed slaves
When was the 14th Ammendment ratified - CR
1868
was the first ex-Confederate state
to ratify this amendment and be
readmitted to the Union
Tennesse
15th Ammendment - CR
voting rights
to blacks over the age of 21
Why did Republicans fear the South would have more control in congress
since now, former slaves are now
counted as a whole person, not just
3/5, giving the South a larger
population.
Reconstruction Act - MR
Divided the South into 5 Military
Zones(map) each commanded by a
Union general and policed by Union
soldiers.
Another part of the Reconstruction Act - MR
It also required that states wishing to be readmitted into the Union had to ratify the 14th Amendment and that states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote.
WHen was the reconstruction act enacted - MR
(March 2, 1867)
When was the 15th ammendment enacted - CR
1870
Radical Resconstruction viewpoints
Did not support the Presidential plans
(too lenient) and thought the South
should be severely punished for their
role in the war.
What did the Radicals insist the main goal of reconstruction be?
Insisted the main goal of
Reconstruction should be a
restructuring of society to guarantee
black people true equality.
