Final from Hell Flashcards
Canidates in the Election of 1860, and their parties
Abraham Lincoln Republican
John C. Breckinridge Democratic
John Bell Constitutional Union
Stephen A. Douglas Democratic
main issue in the election of 1860
slavery
Lincoln’s stance on slavery
end it
Douglas’s stance on slavery
popular soverinty
Bell’s stance on slavery
compromise; extend Missouri compromise and make slavery illegal in any new state in the north and legal in any new state in the south
Breckinridge’s stance on slavery
keep it
In January, 1861, these states succeded from the Union
(SC,MS,FL, AL,GA,LA, &
TX)
These states went to from the
CSA
President of CSA
Jefferson Davis
When Jefferson Davis became CSA president
May 20, 1861
These 4 staes joined the CSA by May
(VA, AR,TN, & NC)
First battle of the Civil War
Fort Sumter
location of fort sumter
Charleston, South Carolina
Why did Fort Sumter occur
Lincoln dispatched a relief ship with supplies. On Confederate orders, General P.G.T.Beauregard opened fire on Sumter.
Results of Fort Sumter
Union commander, Major Robert Anderson, surrendered the fort thirty-six hours later. The next day Lincoln called for 75,000 militia (for 3 months) to suppress the rebellion and then proclaimed a blockade of rebel ports in the South.
Date of Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
Northern Strengths
Population - 22 million (over 3 to 1 of white males of military
age, larger army) (South – 9 million, slaves 1/3 of total)
• over 90% of the nation’s manufacturing
• diverse agriculture, which was able to greatly expand (includes
the West)
• capital wealth (3/4 the nation’s wealth) U.S. Mint)
• transportation systems were far more superior (2/3 railroad)
• nearly all civilian shipping and most of the navy (control of the
sea) (access to oversea markets)
• centralized government structure was already in place (Arsenal)
(public property)
Southern Strengths
familiar, vast geographic area • King Cotton, British export • strong military tradition (handling guns and horses) (well trained) • most talented and educated officers (Lee) • Defensive strategy • Did not need victory, only a draw • Five Civilized Tribes
_______ ______ sided with the Confederacy while the ______ _______ sided with America in England
British Government, lower class
Why didn’t any foriegn intervention come from Britian
this was due to a Union blockade. Britain was also against slavery. The Battle of Antietam Britain also had a poor season with crops so they relied on North for food and had stocked up enough cotton.
which made the Union side a moral war
Emancipation Proclomation
Southern weaknesses
Davis was overworked, creating a new government
system
• Foreign intervention never came (Britain)
Not enough people
Not enough factories
the document that freed slaves in the South, by Abraham Lincoln
Em. Pro.
Em. Pro. issued after this battle
battle of Antiem
a stream near
Manassas Junction, VA.
Bull Run
advanced on the South before adequately training his inexperienced troops.
General -in-Chief Winfield Scott
First Battle of Bull Run Date
July 21, 1861
Who won the battle of Bull Run
CSA
Why did the CSA win First Battle of Bull Run
due to arrival of
9,000 additional troops under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
Effects of First Battle of Bull Run
Union troops and civilian spectators retreated. Showed the North and South alike that the war is very real and bloody. Lincoln appointed General George McClellan general-in-chief of the Union army, excelled at organizing troops and stirring enthusiasm.
Date of Battle of Antiem
September 17, 1862
location of Battle of Antiem
Sharpsburg, MD
Proved to be the bloodiest day of the war before Gettysburg (casualties?)
Proved to be the bloodiest day of the war (over 22,500 casualties)
Who won Antiem
Union
How did Antiem win
found Lee’s battle plans in cigars
Effects of Antiem
Lincoln fired McClellan (too cautious) for not taking action on the first day, Lincoln announced emancipation of slaves.
Effects
Halted Lee’s bold invasion of the North Provided Lincoln with the victory he needed to announce the Emancipation Proclamation
Prevented England and France from lending support to the Confederacy
The Proclamation allows African Americans to enlist in the Union army and navy, hope to end discrimination.
The 54th Massachusetts - first African American regiment.
the turning point of the war
The Battle of Gettysburg
date of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Lee’s intentions with Gettysburg
hoping to take Harrisburg and attack Washington from the north
How did Gettysburg come about
Lee clashed with Gen. George Meade’s Union troops by accident in a battle that lasted three days
Union casualties in Gettysburg
23,000 casualties, more than 1⁄4 of the army
Confederate casualties in Gettysburg
28,000 men killed, wounded or missing, more than 1/3 of Lee’s army
Lincoln issued the Gettysburg address on ______ and for what reason
(11/19/1863), graveyard dedication ceremony
Gettysberg Address stresses
national unity
Head of Union Army, well-respected, fired for being too cautious.
George B. McClellan
3 pronged attack
- East: Attack Richmond
• West: Drive the CSA from the
Mississippi and Tennessee Rive valleys in an attempt to cut the CSA in two.
• South: Anaconda Plan – blockade the coast to cut supply lines with Europe.
• Exhaust Southern resources
Union general turned Confederate for Civil War, well-respected, fought hard, skilled, eventually had to surrender
Robert E. Lee
Why did Robert E. Lee join the Union
He was more of a virginian than American
Day of Appomattox
April 10, 1865
Why did Lee surrender
Lee refused to see his troops suffer any further
Where did Lee surrender
he surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
What happended to jefferson davis
was captured in GA a month later and imprisoned
When did all Confederate troops surrender by
may, 1865
Date of Battle of Fredricksberg
December 13, 1862
New Union Commander _____ __ ___ _________, Launches an insane frontal attack
General A.E. Burnside
How many northern deaths
10,000 northern soldiers killed
nickname for fredricksburg
Burnside’s Slaughter Pen
effects of Fredricksberg/winner
CSA, Replaced by Joe Hooker,
Date of Chancellorsville
May 2-4, 1863
location of Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville, VA
winner/effects of Chancellorsville
“Fighting Joe” Hooker defeated by Lee’s smaller forces, Stonewall Jackson is killed by his own picket line, Jackson has lost his left arm
impact of Gettysburg address
speech well-received at event but didn’t have too much of an impact then, bigger impact now
Union War Strategy
invade the South, three pronged(anaconda) plan, exaust southern resources, take Richmond
The amendment that made it illegal to own slaves.
13th
laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 in the United States after the American Civil War with the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans’ freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
Black Codes
10% plan
Included all southern voters, except high-ranking CSA officials (denied pardons to anyone who killed black prisoners of war. South could get full pardon and restoration of rights if 10% of voters took an oath pleding loyalty to the union and accepting the end of slavary
- were also entitled to vote in elections, create state governments with state constitutions. After that, the state would be able for readmission into congress and the union; Johnson changed it so each state could create a constitution without the 10% agreement. States had to void succession, abolish slavary, and refuse to pay for the debt and had to ratify 13th ammendment. He would only give pardons to CSA leaders who asked.
Congresional republicans
feared the South would have much more control in Congress, since now, former slaves are now counted as a whole person, not just 3/5, giving the South a larger population.
“due process
of law” and applying the Bill of Rights
to state governments, guaranteed
citizenship to freed slaves
14th ammendment
first CSA state to ratify 14th ammendment and be admitted back into the union
TN
Radical Republicans
Did not support the Presidential plans (too lenient) and thought the South should be severely punished for their role in the war. Insisted the main goal of Reconstruction should be a restructuring of society to guarantee black people true equality. Two key players: Charles Sumner led the Republicans radicals in the Senate for black freedom and racial equality. Thaddeus Stevens led the radicals in the House of Representations. Believed the southern states were "conquered provinces" that completely left the Union and were at the mercy of Congress for readmission. Civil Rights Act of 1865 defined citizenship and outlawed discrimination on the basis of race.
year of 14th ammendment
1868
Examples of Black Codes
Curfews: Generally, black people could not gather after sunset. l Vagrancy laws: Freedmen convicted of vagrancy– that is, not working– could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor. l Labor contracts: Freedmen had to sign agreements in January for a year of work. Those who quit in the middle of a contract often lost all the wages they had earned. l Land restrictions: Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. This restriction forced them to live on plantations.
laws enacted by the southern states making “virtual slavary”
Black Codes
postwar welfare agency, set up
by Congress on March 3, 1865, to meet the immediate
needs of refugees and freedmen.
Freedman’s Bureau
Head of Freedmans Bureau
Union General Oliver O. Howard
good things FB did
Confiscated and abandoned lands could be rented and
sold to freedmen.
Ø The Bureau established schools and hospitals and
provided courts to settle legal disputes involving freed
blacks.
Ø Greatest achievement was in education, taught about
200,000 Blacks how to read.
Greastest achevement of FB
education
views of FB
- White Southerner’s thought it a meddlesome federal
agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance - President Johnson believed the agency should be
killed
Wade-Davis bill
Required 50% of the states’ voters to take oaths of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation. Military governors to rule Southern states and South should be treated as conquered territory.
year and month of wade-davis bill
July, 1864
Required the president to secure the consent of the Senate before removing a cabinet member once they had been approved by Senate.
Tenure of Office Act in
1867:
Purpose of Tenure of Office Act was to keep
Sec. of War, _____ _. ______
Edward
M. Stanton
What happened to Santon?
Johnson dismissed him in
1868
The House voted to
impeach Johnson for
“high crimes and
misdemeanors.”
the Senate
voted the president what and by how much
the Senate
voted the president ‘not
guilty” by one vote
Date of vote
May 16, 1868
the
economy of the United States grew at a fantastic rate. With the exception of a recession
during the mid-1870s, and another during the mid-1890s, the economic growth was in
unprecedented in United States history;everything looked good at the top, but were not too good at the bottom
gilded age
laws that legalized the segregation.
Jim Crow
stated
that “separate but equal” facilities for the races were legal.
Plessy v. Ferguson - 163 U.S. 537 (1896)
Election of 1868
Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democrat Horatio Seymour.
an informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
Compromise of 1877
Created to combat the overuse of the Spoils System and providing favors based on campaign
contributions. Signed into law by Chester Arthur. It established the Civil Service
Commission. Appointees to public offices are required to take a competitive examination to
prove employees are qualified.
Pendleton Act of 1883
had created a cycle: the government had to
buy silver and print paper money to pay for it, the people could then turn in the paper
money for gold, which they did.
Silver Purchase Act of 1890
limited government interference with business
Cleveland’s hand’s off approach
poloitical machines gained power through
gained power through the exchange of
favors:
