Chapter 13 Flashcards
From Kentucky, supported by the west, the great comprimiser, ran in the election of 1824
Henry Clay
From Massachusetts, Monroes secretary of state, supported to New England, son of a past president, ran for president in 1824
John Q. Adams
From Tennesee, supported by the west, war hero from the battle of New Orleans, ran for president in 1824
Andrew Jackson
From Georgia, Supported by the south, Madison’s and Monroe’s Sec. Of Treasury, ran for president in 1824
William Crawford
Did the Republicans agree on One canidate for president
No
Hoped to continue the “VA Dynasty,” limited role of central government, slaveholder
William Crawford
Held the views of Adams, supported western needs like roads and canals
Henry Clay
High protective tariffs, strongly backed by commercial interests
John Q. Adams
military hero, drew Western support from Clay, political views were not well known
Andrew Jackson
________ and ________ dominated the campaign of 1824
Popularity and Sectional Issues
This campaign became very popular for this term of accusing canidates of something that may or may not be true
Mudslinging
gambler, duelist, adulterer, & military tyrant
Jackson
drunkard & gambler
Henry Clay
slovenly dressed
Adams
attacked for dishonesty &
mismanaging of budget
Crawford
Who won the popular vote in the election of 1824
Jackson
Who decides the president if there is no clear majority
The House of Rep.
What ammendment states that the HOR decides on the president if there is no clear majority
12th
What happend to Crawford
He had a stroke
Who was the speaker of the house and used his influence to sway the vote towards adams
Henry Clay
On what date did the decision go to the house about the election of 1824
Feb. 9, 1824
Who won the election of 1824
Adams
How many votes did adams win by
1
Who did Adams appoint as Sec. of State
Henry Clay
How long was it before Adams appointed Henry Clay
3 days
What is the term people referred to when Adams became president
Corrupt Bargin
What supporters called this bargin corrupt
Jacksonians
How many new politcal parties formed out of this election
Two
Adams and Clay supporter’s party, belived in an active federal government
Republicans
Jacksonian Party, believed in limited government
Jacksonian Democrats
Adams was the first _______ president
minority
What percentage of the country voted for Adams
less than 1/3
What did Adams support
Hesupportedtheroleofthefederal government in the sponsorship of projects and institutions designed to improve the conditions of society
What were the reactions of people from these proposals that Adams suggested
Waste of Money
Intrusion of government into state affairs
Southerners fear that these will mean higher cost and tariffs and possible the end to slavery
How did Adams land [policy anger westerners
They wanted to expand land and this made it harder because land was much harder to buy
What tribes did Adams try to help
Cherokee and Georgia
Who did Adams offend while trying to help the Cherokee
Congress and Southerners because they considered the Indians to be on their land. Westerners too because they wanted to expand west of the Missisippi
Who ran for president in the Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson and John Q. Adams
Who ran with Jackson for Vice President in 1828
John C. Calhoun
Who ran with Adams for Vice President in 1828
Richard Rush
How many electoral votes did Jackson get in 1828
178
How many electorla votes did Adams get in 1828
83
Voter turn out has how times how many then in 1824
3 times (78)%
Who supports Jackson in 1828
The West, the South, and the labor along the seaboard
Who wins both the electoral and popular vote in 1828, becomeing 7th president
Andrew Jackson
What was Jakson’s presideentacy called
Age of the comman man
Jackson was the son of these imigrants
Scottish and Irish
Jackson was the first president from this area of the country
West
Through these traits, Jackson became a Judge and aCongress member
Through intelligence, personality, and leadership
Group of personal friends who Jackson went to for advice and approval on most issues
Kitchen Cabinet
the systemofgiving government jobs to friends and supporters became an official policy
Patronage (the spoils system)
How were most of the people Jackson appointed
Corrupt and incompinent
Who said “to the victor belong the spoils”
Sen. William Marcy
What did Jackson argue about his choices for cabinet members
Argued that any intelligent man could be a government official
hadraiseddutiesfrom 23% to 37%
Tariff of 1824
WHAT COMMODITIES DID THIS TARIFF EFFECT
wool and hemp
Who supported this Tariff of 1824 and why
Northerners because if Americans were to buy more from them, they would get more money.
increasedsometariffsto 45%
Tariff of 1828
What was the Jacksonian ploy to drive up tariff rates so high that even New England would vote against them?
Jackson would hope this ploy would fall on adams and help Jackson win the presidentcy. Instead, these taxes fell on Jackson when he was elected.
Nickname ofr Tariff of 1828
Tariff of Abominations
Why was the south against the tariff of 1828
Growing fear of federal intrusion
More pressing in light of rising abolitionism (GB)
b. Economic issues, declining economy in South
WHAT DID SOUTH CAROLINAS WRITE IN PROTEST TO THE TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS, which denounced Tariffs as unjust and unconstitutional
The South Carolina exposition
who wrote the South Carolina exposition
John C. Calhoun
The south carolina exposition Explicitly proposed that states should _____- it —that is, they should declare tariff ______ l and void within their borders
nullify
What is reborn with the South Carlina exposition
The Theory of Nullification
What is the SC exposition an arguement for
state rights
What did Jackson threatend to do to the nullifiers?
Threatened to invade state and have nullifiers hanged
– Issued ringing proclamation against nullification
What would happen if civil war was to be avoided
Both sides would have to compromise
What did congress pass that graudally reduced tariffs
Compromise of 1833
Who helped negotiate the Compromise of 1833
Henry Clay
gave Jackson military power to suppress disunion of SC
Force Bill
Who agreed to the compromise
Calhoun and southerners
allowed the government to remove thousands of Cherokees from their homelands ( moved to where?)
Indian Removal Act of 1830, OK territory
When the Cherokee took this case to the Supreme Court and won, Jackson ignored the ruling and sent the Cherokee west.
§ What was the ruling in the case?
Worchester vs. Georgia, the ruling of this case was in favor of the indians
was established in 1836 to deal with the Indians
Bueru of Indian affairs
was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
The Cherokee Nation
people called this journey this because of its devastating effects.
Trail of Tears
Why did people die on the trail of tears
faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march.
What fraction of people died on the trail of tears
4,000/15,000
consideredthebankasymbol of the privileged class and therefore, a threat to democracy
Jackson
preferred state and local banks
Westerners
considered the Bank a financial monopoly favoring the wealthy
Debtors
considered bank was unconstitutional
States right advocates
oppositions of the bank of the us
The Bank was a private institution:
• Controlled much of government’s gold and silver
• Bank won no friends in West because of foreclosures
• Profit, not public service, was its first priority
• Principal depository for government funds
presented Congress with bill to renew Bank of the United States’ charter
Webster and Clay
Charter not end until 1836, but Clay pushed for early renewal to make it election issue in
1832
to ram recharter bill through Congress and then send it to White House If Jackson signed it, he would alienate his western followers.
Clays plan
If JAckson vetoed it, he would presumably lose the presidency by alienating wealthy and influential groups in
the east
slid through Congress, but was killed by scorching veto from Jackson.
Recharter Bill
only gold or silver would be accepted for purchase of federal lands
Specie Circular
became the most important issue in the Election of 1832
Bank War
Jackson moved federal funds into chosen state banks (pet banks) Why?
He would hope the national bank would fail
What year did the bank go bankrupt
1841
What did the bank issue contribute to
Panic of 1837
Caused by destruction of bank of U.S.
– British bank failures
– Crop failure
- Rampent speculation
Panic of 1837
opened by the hundreds and loans grew too quickly
local banks
had little trouble persuading small banks, owned by friends, to lend them money
local land developers
more money was being loaned than ____ to the banks
paid
What were these loans called
Wildcat Loans
created by Jackson’s opponents
• Hated Jackson and his “executive usurpation”
Whigs
How did the Whigs come about
where Clay, Webster, and Calhoun joined forces in 1834 to pass a motion censuring Jackson for his single-handed removal of federal deposits from Bank of the United States
Who supported the Whigs
Supporters of Clay’s American System, southern states’ righters, northern industrialists and merchants, and many evangelical Protestants
What did the whigs see themselves as
conservative yet progressive
Other issues with the Whigs
Other issues for Whigs:
– Welcomed market economy
– Expensed the bank credit
– Proposed higher tariffs
– By absorbing Anti-Masonic party, they blunted Democrat’s appeal to common man
– Whigs claimed to defend common man and declared Democrats were party of cronyism and corruption
What did the Demorcatic Republians change their name to
Democrats
Will you do well
hopefully
