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Social Studies > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

What state was the Battle of Little Bighorn in

A

Montana

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2
Q

Date of Battle of Little Bighorn

A

June 25, 1876

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3
Q

One of the most infamous conflicts between whites and

Native Americans.

A

Battle of Little Bighorn

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4
Q

What was the reason for the Battle of Little Bighorn

A

A reaction to the entrance of miners into the Black Hills and
to the corrupt behavior of white agents.

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5
Q

U.S. leader in Battle of Little Bighorn

A

General George

Armstrong Custer’s

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6
Q

Inidan leaders in battle of little bighorn

A

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.

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7
Q

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.left their reservation in the _______ in _____,
although ordered to return by white officials.

A

Dakotas, 1875

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8
Q

BOLB marked the ______ and ___ of the Plains

Indians’ victories.

A

greatest and last

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9
Q

_______ _____was arrested and

killed at his home by Indian police

A

Sitting Bull

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10
Q

Date of the death of Sitting Bull

A

Dec. 15, 1890:

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11
Q

Number of Indians and their type at BLOB

A

2,500 and 4,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors

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12
Q

Number of US SOldiers at BOLB

A

200

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13
Q

Some reservation Indians and some of Sitting
Bull’s followers fled to join up with _____ chief
________t, who was still living off the reservation

A

Lakota, Big Foot

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14
Q

The army followed, and caught up with Big

Foot’s band in late _________

A

december

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15
Q

date of Battle of Wounded Knee

A

December 29, 1890

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16
Q

a Sioux religious revival

known as the

A

Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance

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17
Q

Battle of Wounded Knee was the

A

last of a yearlong effort by the U.S.
government to outlaw a Sioux religious revival
known as the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance.

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18
Q

The Ghost Dances raises

A

raises fears of Sioux uprising.

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19
Q

killed in attempted arrest

A

Sitting Bull

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20
Q

Battle of WK was Led by the ________ Cavalry.

A

Led by the Seventh Cavalry.

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21
Q

BOWK resulted in the death of about

_______- Sioux Indians.

A

200

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22
Q

This event marked the end of the Great Plains

Indian wars

A

Battle of Wounded Knee

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23
Q

Factors Leading to the Defeat of

the Plains Indians

A

The arrival of the railroad in the West
• Disease
• Near-extermination of the buffalo
• Warfare with the U.S. Army

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24
Q

The Dawes Severalty Act

A

A federal law which dismantled the Native American
concept of shared land in favor of the principle of
private property.

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25
Q

Date of Dawes Severalty Act

A

February 8, 1887

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26
Q

The Dawes Severalty Act Divided reservation land into individual ___ – usually
___ ____ per family

A

plots, 160 achres

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27
Q

The goal of DS act was to assimilate Indians into American

society by:

A

Dissolving many tribes as legal entities.
• Tried to make rugged individualists of the Indians.
• Wiped out tribal ownership of land.
• Promised Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.

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28
Q

Native Americans did not want to adopt

_____ _______’ way of life.

A

American settlers

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29
Q

The DS Act was a major failure because

A

reservation land was poor, too small to be profitable
– many Indians did not want to farm
– some sold their land or were tricked out of it
– helps destroy Indian culture. Without the buffalo, the
Plains Indians’ way of life was destroyed

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30
Q

By ______-_____: ____/_____ of ____ million acres of Indian

land was taken by whites

A

1887-1932, 2/3, 138

31
Q

Enormous _____ wealth taken from the
mining frontier of the West helped to
finance the Civil War.

A

mineral

32
Q

played a vital role in attracting the first

substantial white population in the West.

A

Frontier Mining

33
Q

The bitter conflict between Whites and
Indians _______ as the mining frontier
expanded.

A

The bitter conflict between Whites and
Indians intensified as the mining frontier
expanded.

34
Q

developed after the Civil
War, when new railroads linked western
ranges to growing Eastern markets.

A

the cattle boom

35
Q

Decline of the Long Drive and the

Cattle Boom

A 
The settlement of homesteading farms on
range land
• A series of extraordinarily severe winters
• Overgrazing and overproduction
• Barbed-wire fencing
36
Q

Homestead Act was made in what year

A

Homestead Act, 1862

37
Q

Homestead Act, 1862 - Provisions before they

could claim ownership:

A 
160 areas of land = a
quarter-mile square
– At least 21 years of age or
the head of the household
– American citizens or
immigrants filing for
citizenship
– Built a house – minimum
size (12 feet by 14 feet)
Lived in the house for at least
six months a year
– Had to farm the land for five
years in a row
38
Q

Results of HOmestead Act of 1862

A 
Created more than
375,000 farms
– By 1900, settlers filed
600,000 claims for more
than 80 millions areas of
land
39
Q

Drawbacks of the Homestead Act 1862

A

One problem was the 160 acres was inadequate
for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great
Plains.
• Made the assumption that public land should be
administered in such a way as to promote
frontier settlement.

40
Q

Most homesteaders built either
a _____ or a ______ for
homes.

A

a dugout or a soddie

41
Q

was a structure with
the walls and roof made from
strips of grass with the thick
roots and earth attached.

A

soddie

42
Q

“Soddie”—sod home: cost less

than

A

$10

43
Q

Made life tough in midwest

A

Tough prairie soil, droughts,
floods, dust storms, and
insects

44
Q

ease the

burden of the midwest

A

Farm inventions ease the

burden

45
Q

steel plow

A

steel plow - Allows farmers to cut through dense,

root-choked sod.

46
Q

barbed wire

A

barbed wire - Keeps cattle from trampling crops and
uses a minimal amount of lumber, which was scarce
on the plains.

47
Q

dry farming

A

Allows cultivation of arid land by using
drought-resistant crops and various techniques to
minimize evaporation.

48
Q

bonanza farm

A

farms—Farms that were devoted to a
single cash crop, were owned by corporations and
made possible an enormous increase in the nation’s
food output

49
Q

difficulties of farm life

A

Plains have virtually no trees.
– Scarcity of water and Droughts threatened farm production
– Backbreaking labor
– Bugs that ravaged the fields (Locusts)
– Money troubles: falling crop prices and rising farm debt.

50
Q

Settlers had to rely on each other, with these things

A

raising houses and

barns together, sewing quilts and husking corn.

51
Q

Many homesteaders ____ and headed back ____.

A

failed, east

52
Q

Organized in 1867, in response to farmers’ isolation.

A

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange):

53
Q

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): organized in

A

1867

54
Q

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): orginanal purpose

A

was to simulate self-improvement through

educational and social activities.

55
Q

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange) helped

A

helped farmers form cooperatives which bought goods in

large quantities at lower prices.

56
Q

effects of the Grange helping farmers

A

bought goods in
large quantities at lower prices.
pressured government to regulate businesses on which
farmers depended.

57
Q

Farmers’ Alliance was formed in

A

1875

58
Q

Things the farmers alliance did

A

Took action to break the strangling grip of the railroads
manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling.
• Called actions that many farmers could support.
• They won support for women’s rights.

59
Q

where and when did the pulman strike take place

A

Chicago, IL in 1894

60
Q

pulman strike led by

A

Eugene V. Debs

61
Q

Eugene V. Debs was the

A

Head of the

American Railway Union

62
Q

Debs organized the workers of the

A

Pullman

Palace Car Company

63
Q

Reason for pulman strike

A

The company cut wages by 1/3

– The workers went on strike

64
Q

called in

federal troops to break up the strike.

A

U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney

65
Q

went to prison for 6 months for not ceasing

the strike.

A

zDebs

66
Q

Lasting Effects of the

Pullman Strike

A

President Grover Cleveland justified
intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on
the grounds that the strike was preventing the
transit of the U.S. mail.
• It was the first instance of government use of
a federal court injunction to break up a strike.
• Labor unions, Populists and debtors saw in
the brutal Pullman strike proof of an alliance
between big business, the federal
government and the courts against working
people.

67
Q

William McKinley

A

Republican

– Served years in Congress representing Ohio
– Civil War veteran
– Gained a national reputation by sponsoring the
McKinley Tariff Bill
– Supported the Gold Standard

68
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Democrat

From Nebraska
Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman
Silver Purchase Act led to his rise as a pro-silver
leader
Supported the farmer’s demand for the unlimited
coinage of silver
Known for his “Cross of Gold” Speech in favor of
silver

69
Q

Major issue in the campaign for election of 1896

A

was the free

and unlimited coinage of silver.

70
Q

Mckinley

A

a long period of Republican dominance.
– was accompanied by waning voter
participation in elections.
– Mostly agrarian votes.

71
Q

Who won the election

A

McKinley

72
Q

numbers for the election

A

51%-47% popular, 61%-39%electoral

73
Q

reasons for conflict between crackers and indians

A 
To avenge savage massacres of Indians
by whites.
• To punish whites for breaking treaties.
• To defend their land against white
invaders.
• To preserve their nomadic way of life
against forced settlement.

Social Studies (9 decks)

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