Chapter 26 Flashcards
What state was the Battle of Little Bighorn in
Montana
Date of Battle of Little Bighorn
June 25, 1876
One of the most infamous conflicts between whites and
Native Americans.
Battle of Little Bighorn
What was the reason for the Battle of Little Bighorn
A reaction to the entrance of miners into the Black Hills and
to the corrupt behavior of white agents.
U.S. leader in Battle of Little Bighorn
General George
Armstrong Custer’s
Inidan leaders in battle of little bighorn
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.left their reservation in the _______ in _____,
although ordered to return by white officials.
Dakotas, 1875
BOLB marked the ______ and ___ of the Plains
Indians’ victories.
greatest and last
_______ _____was arrested and
killed at his home by Indian police
Sitting Bull
Date of the death of Sitting Bull
Dec. 15, 1890:
Number of Indians and their type at BLOB
2,500 and 4,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors
Number of US SOldiers at BOLB
200
Some reservation Indians and some of Sitting
Bull’s followers fled to join up with _____ chief
________t, who was still living off the reservation
Lakota, Big Foot
The army followed, and caught up with Big
Foot’s band in late _________
december
date of Battle of Wounded Knee
December 29, 1890
a Sioux religious revival
known as the
Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance
Battle of Wounded Knee was the
last of a yearlong effort by the U.S.
government to outlaw a Sioux religious revival
known as the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance.
The Ghost Dances raises
raises fears of Sioux uprising.
killed in attempted arrest
Sitting Bull
Battle of WK was Led by the ________ Cavalry.
Led by the Seventh Cavalry.
BOWK resulted in the death of about
_______- Sioux Indians.
200
This event marked the end of the Great Plains
Indian wars
Battle of Wounded Knee
Factors Leading to the Defeat of
the Plains Indians
The arrival of the railroad in the West
• Disease
• Near-extermination of the buffalo
• Warfare with the U.S. Army
The Dawes Severalty Act
A federal law which dismantled the Native American
concept of shared land in favor of the principle of
private property.
Date of Dawes Severalty Act
February 8, 1887
The Dawes Severalty Act Divided reservation land into individual ___ – usually
___ ____ per family
plots, 160 achres
The goal of DS act was to assimilate Indians into American
society by:
Dissolving many tribes as legal entities.
• Tried to make rugged individualists of the Indians.
• Wiped out tribal ownership of land.
• Promised Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.
Native Americans did not want to adopt
_____ _______’ way of life.
American settlers
The DS Act was a major failure because
reservation land was poor, too small to be profitable
– many Indians did not want to farm
– some sold their land or were tricked out of it
– helps destroy Indian culture. Without the buffalo, the
Plains Indians’ way of life was destroyed
By ______-_____: ____/_____ of ____ million acres of Indian
land was taken by whites
1887-1932, 2/3, 138
Enormous _____ wealth taken from the
mining frontier of the West helped to
finance the Civil War.
mineral
played a vital role in attracting the first
substantial white population in the West.
Frontier Mining
The bitter conflict between Whites and
Indians _______ as the mining frontier
expanded.
The bitter conflict between Whites and
Indians intensified as the mining frontier
expanded.
developed after the Civil
War, when new railroads linked western
ranges to growing Eastern markets.
the cattle boom
Decline of the Long Drive and the
Cattle Boom
The settlement of homesteading farms on range land • A series of extraordinarily severe winters • Overgrazing and overproduction • Barbed-wire fencing
Homestead Act was made in what year
Homestead Act, 1862
Homestead Act, 1862 - Provisions before they
could claim ownership:
160 areas of land = a quarter-mile square – At least 21 years of age or the head of the household – American citizens or immigrants filing for citizenship – Built a house – minimum size (12 feet by 14 feet) Lived in the house for at least six months a year – Had to farm the land for five years in a row
Results of HOmestead Act of 1862
Created more than 375,000 farms – By 1900, settlers filed 600,000 claims for more than 80 millions areas of land
Drawbacks of the Homestead Act 1862
One problem was the 160 acres was inadequate
for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great
Plains.
• Made the assumption that public land should be
administered in such a way as to promote
frontier settlement.
Most homesteaders built either
a _____ or a ______ for
homes.
a dugout or a soddie
was a structure with
the walls and roof made from
strips of grass with the thick
roots and earth attached.
soddie
“Soddie”—sod home: cost less
than
$10
Made life tough in midwest
Tough prairie soil, droughts,
floods, dust storms, and
insects
ease the
burden of the midwest
Farm inventions ease the
burden
steel plow
steel plow - Allows farmers to cut through dense,
root-choked sod.
barbed wire
barbed wire - Keeps cattle from trampling crops and
uses a minimal amount of lumber, which was scarce
on the plains.
dry farming
Allows cultivation of arid land by using
drought-resistant crops and various techniques to
minimize evaporation.
bonanza farm
farms—Farms that were devoted to a
single cash crop, were owned by corporations and
made possible an enormous increase in the nation’s
food output
difficulties of farm life
Plains have virtually no trees.
– Scarcity of water and Droughts threatened farm production
– Backbreaking labor
– Bugs that ravaged the fields (Locusts)
– Money troubles: falling crop prices and rising farm debt.
Settlers had to rely on each other, with these things
raising houses and
barns together, sewing quilts and husking corn.
Many homesteaders ____ and headed back ____.
failed, east
Organized in 1867, in response to farmers’ isolation.
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange):
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): organized in
1867
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange): orginanal purpose
was to simulate self-improvement through
educational and social activities.
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange) helped
helped farmers form cooperatives which bought goods in
large quantities at lower prices.
effects of the Grange helping farmers
bought goods in
large quantities at lower prices.
pressured government to regulate businesses on which
farmers depended.
Farmers’ Alliance was formed in
1875
Things the farmers alliance did
Took action to break the strangling grip of the railroads
manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling.
• Called actions that many farmers could support.
• They won support for women’s rights.
where and when did the pulman strike take place
Chicago, IL in 1894
pulman strike led by
Eugene V. Debs
Eugene V. Debs was the
Head of the
American Railway Union
Debs organized the workers of the
Pullman
Palace Car Company
Reason for pulman strike
The company cut wages by 1/3
– The workers went on strike
called in
federal troops to break up the strike.
U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney
went to prison for 6 months for not ceasing
the strike.
zDebs
Lasting Effects of the
Pullman Strike
President Grover Cleveland justified
intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on
the grounds that the strike was preventing the
transit of the U.S. mail.
• It was the first instance of government use of
a federal court injunction to break up a strike.
• Labor unions, Populists and debtors saw in
the brutal Pullman strike proof of an alliance
between big business, the federal
government and the courts against working
people.
William McKinley
Republican
– Served years in Congress representing Ohio
– Civil War veteran
– Gained a national reputation by sponsoring the
McKinley Tariff Bill
– Supported the Gold Standard
William Jennings Bryan
Democrat
From Nebraska
Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman
Silver Purchase Act led to his rise as a pro-silver
leader
Supported the farmer’s demand for the unlimited
coinage of silver
Known for his “Cross of Gold” Speech in favor of
silver
Major issue in the campaign for election of 1896
was the free
and unlimited coinage of silver.
Mckinley
a long period of Republican dominance.
– was accompanied by waning voter
participation in elections.
– Mostly agrarian votes.
Who won the election
McKinley
numbers for the election
51%-47% popular, 61%-39%electoral
reasons for conflict between crackers and indians
To avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. • To punish whites for breaking treaties. • To defend their land against white invaders. • To preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.
