Reconstruction Flashcards
A state can be re-admitted if 10% of those who voted in 1860 pledge loyalty to the Union
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Assumed the office of President after Lincoln’s death
Shared Lincoln’s ideas on Reconstruction
Impeached; acquitted
Andrew Johnson
Reconstruction
US Government’s plans to rebuild the South following the Civil War
Aim was to get southern states back into the Union as quickly as possible
13th Amendment
Prohibited slavery
14th Amendment
All people born or naturalized cannot be denied rights of citizenship based on their race, nation of origin, or previous condition of servitude
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote based on their race, nation of origin, or previous condition of servitude
Jim Crow Laws
Had to pass a literacy test: Made it difficult for those who could not read or write to vote
,Required a dollar poll tax for voting at a time when most Arkansans did not see $25 cash in whole year. Poll tax must be paid well in advance of an election
,Democratic party proclaimed that its primary election was for whites only (only real election in AR, forcing the blacks out of AR politics)
Arkansas and Reconstruction
Congress required a state to accept the 14th Amendment in order to rejoin the Union - arkansas refused at first
Arkansas Governor 1864-1868
Isaac Murphy
had a desire to punish the South for the war
Radicals
sworn loyalty to the United States both prior to the Civil War and following the war: effectively excluded all ex-confederates from voting during reconstruction
Iron clad oath
elected governor after Isaac Murphy
Powell Clayton
Those who held political power
Scalawags ( native southerners who supported the Republican government)
African Americans
Carpetbaggers (northerners who moved south after Civil War presumably to get rich)
Northern industrialists who owned and operated large railroad companies
robber barons
First statewide public school established, was the first public college
Arkansas Industrial University
Secret organization of white extremists formed by Southerners, Their purpose was to harass and harm black citizens and to obstruct their participation in government
Ku Klux Klan
Judge Parker
Referred to as the “Hanging Judge”, Many outlaws loved outside the state in Indiana territory and would raid towns in western Arkansas, Parker swore in a United States Marshal and 200 deputies, Bass Reeves, an ex-slave, was recruited as Parker’s deputy marshal because he talked tribal languages and knew the country well. First African American to be commissioned as a U.S. deputy marshal west of the Mississippi River, Parker served 21 years as a judge. 160 people sentenced to death. 79-88 died on the gallows
Elisha Baxter was elected governor of AR in 1872
Joseph Brooks
Felt he was rightful governor
Claimed voting fraud caused him to lose the election
Both were Republicans
Both organized militia units
US Army troops were sent to LR to prevent a major clash
Baxter was later declared official Governor
Between April 15 - May 15, over 200 people died
Brooks-Baxter War
Significance of the Brooks-Baxter War
Internal bickering weakened the Republican party, Republican Reconstruction was on the decline in AR
Name taken by the Democrats who came to power following the Brooks-Baxter War
Redeemers
What happened while the democrats were in control of Arkansas
Prison inmates were leased out out to work for businesses and industries, Public education suffered greatly
Education Problems - list three
Books and other supplies were hard to obtain, No law required children to attend school, Few teachers had gone past the 8th grade
Made it difficult to raise taxes, Reduction in the Governor’s power
1874 Constitution
Farmer who rents or does not own land, Loaned necessary supplies to work the land
Sharecroppers
Number one Industry during reconstruction
Timber Industry
Organization of lumbermen organized by Arthur Johnson, a journalist of Timberman in Chicago, and five other men
Concatenated Order of the Hoo-Hoo (Hoo-Hoo is the oldest industrial fraternal organization in the US)
Supreme Court Ruling in 1896
Separate but equal
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Three goals of former slaves
Legal protection
Own farming land
Good schools
former slave who had gone to Oberlin College in Ohio was Little Rock’s first African American teacher. She taught for 70 years 1869-1939
Charlotte Stephens
People who wanted to stop the sale of alcohol
Prohibitionists
Organized the Hoo-Hoo
Arthur Johnson
Established on March 3, 1865
Supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen
Issued rations, clothing and medicine
Also assumed custody of confiscated lands or property in the former Confederate States and border states
Freeman’s bureau
