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Reciprocating Engine Lubrication Flashcards

1
Q

The 5 functions of oil

A
  1. Clean 2. Seal 3. Cool 4. Cushion 5. Anti corrosion
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2
Q

The device that oil is typically cooled by

A

Oil cooler

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3
Q

The method of which the oil forms a seal inside the cylinder

A

Coating of the piston rings

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4
Q

The method of how oil performs cleaning functions inside the engine

A

Suspension of particles inside the oil

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5
Q

The term for a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

A

Viscosity

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6
Q

The instrument used to measure a fluid’s viscosity

A

Saybolt Universal Viscometer

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7
Q

The operating principle of a Saybolt Universal Viscometer

A

Heating the oil to a predetermined temperature and measuring the time it takes for 60 cubic centimeters of the oil to flow through a fixed orifice

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8
Q

The standard unit of measurement for the Saybolt Universal Viscometer

A

Saybolt Universal Second

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9
Q

The term for the rate of change in viscosity for a change in temperature

A

Viscosity Index

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10
Q

The smaller the change in viscosity for a given change in temperature, the_______ the visocosity_______

A

higher, index number

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11
Q

The term for the comparison of weight of oil to that of an equal volume of _______ ________

A

distilled water

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12
Q

The SPG of distilled water

A

1 SPG

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13
Q

The term for the temperature at which wax starts to form in oil

A

Cloud Point

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14
Q

The term for the lowest temperature at which oil will flow or be poured

A

Pour point

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15
Q

The lowest temperature at which oil vapors are created but not sustained

A

Flash Point

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16
Q

The lowest temperature at which oil vapors are sustained

A

Fire Point

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17
Q

The seven groups of SAE oil grading scale

A

SAE 10, SAE 20 SAE 30 SAE 40 SAE 50 SAE 60 SAE 70

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18
Q

The meaning of the letter “W” used in the oil grading scale

A

When the oil can be used during winter climates

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19
Q

The 2 major disadvantages of using straight mineral oil

A
  1. Chemically fragile 2. Ease of Sludge accumulation (blockages)
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20
Q

What the format of SAE xxWxx denotes

A

The Range of the oil viscosity

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21
Q

The compatibility of mineral based oils and synthetic oils

A

Compatibility of mineral based oils and synthetic oils does not exists

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22
Q

To proper chemical used to clean up a synthetic oil spill

A

Petroleum solvent

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23
Q

The term for oils which contain additives

A

compound oils

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24
Q

The basic operating principle of a Petroleum oil system

A

Combining oil with petrol to lubricate the engine, and the oil coming out of the exhaust

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25
Q

The basic operating principle of a pressure oil system on a piston engine aircraft

A

The use of an engine driven pressure pump

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26
Q

The type of displacement that an engine driven pump provides

A

Positive displacement (constant volume)

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27
Q

The basic operating principle of a Splash system in a piston engine

A

The use of the crankshaft to splash oil within the crank case to properly lubricate working parts

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28
Q

The type of engine lubrication system used in piston engines used, if the engine parts are too far apart to use the splash method

A

Spray system

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29
Q

The 4 types of Engine lubrication systems for a piston engine

A
  1. Petrol Oil system 2. Pressure system 3. Splash 4. Spray
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30
Q
  1. differences between a wet sump and dry sump systems
A
  1. Use of an oil tank 2. Use of scavenge pumps 3. Use of return lines
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31
Q

The typical location of an oil tank for a piston engine using a dry sump

A

Above engine level, behind the firewall

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32
Q

2 reasons for the expansion space within the oil tank of a piston engine

A
  1. Allow for the thermal expansion of the oil 2. To allow for the increased oil return during engine start
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33
Q

The reason for why a Hopper/ hotpot is required in a piston engine

A

To allow for quicker heating of the oil during startup

34
Q

The general operating principle of a Hopper/ hotpot in a piston engine

A

Allows a small amount of oil to be circulated through the system which heats up faster than if all the cold oil was to be sent through the system at once. Via conduction, the colder oil in the tank is warmed by the hotter returning oil

35
Q

The device fitted in parallel of the oil pump in a pressure lubrication system

A

Pressure relief valve

36
Q

The device the prevents oil from draining into the crank case

A

Check valve (NRV)

37
Q

The amount of extra space within an oil tank for piston engines that FARs require a tank to have for expansion

A

.5 gallons or 10% of tank capacity (which ever is greater)

38
Q

The addition to the oil tank in a piston engine which ensures no build up of water vapor and excess pressure is vented to atmosphere

A

Oil breather

39
Q

The other term for a Hopper/ hotpot

A

The other terms for a Temperature Accelerating Well

40
Q

The most likely condition and damage that blocked Oil/ Engine breather tube will cause

A

Internal engine pressure buildup which will lead to broken seals and oil leakage

41
Q
A

What an Oil Breather looks like

42
Q

The 2 types of constant displacement pumps used on piston engine aircraft

A
  1. Spur gear pump
  2. Gerotor pump
43
Q
A

Gerotor Pump -Image

44
Q

The condition that automatically warrents a replacmeent of an engine oil dipstick

A

Bent dipstick

45
Q

The type of filtration used on a reciprocating engine which uses pleasted resin-impregnated fibers wrapped around a steel core

A

Semi-depth

46
Q
A

Semi-depth filter-Image

47
Q
A

CUNO-Fliter-Image

48
Q

The name of an aircraft filter which utilizes metal disks, stacked up on a center shaft

A

CUNO filter

49
Q

IMAGE

The type of filtration that CUNO filters belong to

A

Edge Filtration

50
Q

3 catagories of filtration types in a piston engine

A
  1. Semi-depth
  2. Surface filtration
  3. Edge Filtration
51
Q

The type of exhanger that an oil cooler in a piston engine aircraft is

A

oil-to-air heat exchanger

52
Q

The typical location of an oil air cooler on a piston engine aircraft using a dry sump

A

In the return line Between the scavenge pump and the oil tank

53
Q

In a piston engine aircraft, when oil is cold, it will flow throgh the_________ of the oil cooler

A

Bypass jacket

54
Q

In a piston engine aircraft, when the oil is hot it will flow through the ________ of the oil cooler

55
Q

The means of controlling the amount of oil flowing through the bypass jacket or core of an oil cooler on a piston engine

A

Thermostatically controlled valve

56
Q

The condition of oil flow in a piston engine in which the bypass valve is inop

A

Reduction in oil flow through the lines and an increase in oil temperature

57
Q

Congeal synonmn

A

coagulate synonomn

58
Q

The condition and reason for a surge occuring in an oil cooler of a piston engine

A

When the oil is congealed, oil is too thick which allows scavenger pump to build up excessive preasure

59
Q
A

Cold flow in a piston engine oil cooler-image

60
Q
A

Hot flow condition in a piston engine oil cooler-image

61
Q
A

Surge condition in a piston engine oil cooler-image

62
Q

What low oil pressure or fluctuations from zero to normal, in oil pressure gauge on piston engine can mean

A

Low oil qunitiy

63
Q

The 2 types of temperature systems used in piston engines

A
  1. Wheatstone Bridge
  2. Ratiometer
64
Q

The wheatstone bridge uses 3______ resistors and 1_______ resistor

A

3 fixed resistors, 1 variable resistors

65
Q
A

Wheatstone bridge

66
Q
A

Ratiometer

67
Q

The normal contaminatents in a piston engine oil system

A

Carbon due to combustion

iron, aluminium, silicone, lead

68
Q

What dark AD oil typically means

A

The dark color means that the oil is doing its job and collecting contaminants

69
Q

Why the oil in a piston engine should be changed while warm

A

Warm oil flows easier and more will drain out

70
Q

What a hgiher amount of iron content in the oil sample will mean

A

Indicative of crankcase, crankshaft and cylinder wear

71
Q

What a higher aluminium content in a piston engine oil sample will mean

A

Indication of piston wear

72
Q

How the break in of a piston engine is performed and why

A

Piston engine break-in is performed at high engine RPM which allows proper wearing and sealing action of the piston rings and allows all the engine to be lubricated evenely

73
Q

The time that the oil level should be checked on a wetsump engine and the reason why

A

20 minutes after shutdow to allow for all the oil to settle back down into the sump

74
Q

The most accurate way of determining the type and quantity of contaminants is to send it to the SOAP which stands for

A

Spectrometric oil analysis program

75
Q

Oil filters can be fitted with_____ to allow oil to continue flowing if the filter becomes blocked with dirt

A

bypass valve

76
Q

For piston engines, compare the capacity of the EDP to the scavenger pumps and the reason for the siize differnce

A

Scavenge pumps are larger to prevent excessive accumlulation of oil in the sump especially at startup

77
Q

The component that protects the svaange pump from being damaged by large pieces of debris from the crankcase and sump

A

scavenge filters

78
Q

The function of the shutters installed behind the oil cooler in piston engine aircraft

A

Allow the pilot to control the flow of air through the air cooler

79
Q

The position of the oil cooler shutters at start up

A

Closed to Allow the oil temperature to rise quickly

80
Q

Wire mesh and metal strainers fall under this type of filtration

A

Surface filtration examples

81
Q

Identify

A

Thermister resistor

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