Reciprocating Engine Lubrication Flashcards by Josh Wall

The 5 functions of oil

Clean 2. Seal 3. Cool 4. Cushion 5. Anti corrosion

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The device that oil is typically cooled by

Oil cooler

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The method of which the oil forms a seal inside the cylinder

Coating of the piston rings

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The method of how oil performs cleaning functions inside the engine

Suspension of particles inside the oil

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The term for a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Viscosity

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The instrument used to measure a fluid’s viscosity

Saybolt Universal Viscometer

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The operating principle of a Saybolt Universal Viscometer

Heating the oil to a predetermined temperature and measuring the time it takes for 60 cubic centimeters of the oil to flow through a fixed orifice

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The standard unit of measurement for the Saybolt Universal Viscometer

Saybolt Universal Second

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The term for the rate of change in viscosity for a change in temperature

Viscosity Index

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The smaller the change in viscosity for a given change in temperature, the_______ the visocosity_______

higher, index number

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The term for the comparison of weight of oil to that of an equal volume of _______ ________

distilled water

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The SPG of distilled water

1 SPG

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The term for the temperature at which wax starts to form in oil

Cloud Point

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The term for the lowest temperature at which oil will flow or be poured

Pour point

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The lowest temperature at which oil vapors are created but not sustained

Flash Point

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The lowest temperature at which oil vapors are sustained

Fire Point

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The seven groups of SAE oil grading scale

SAE 10, SAE 20 SAE 30 SAE 40 SAE 50 SAE 60 SAE 70

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The meaning of the letter “W” used in the oil grading scale

When the oil can be used during winter climates

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The 2 major disadvantages of using straight mineral oil

Chemically fragile 2. Ease of Sludge accumulation (blockages)

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What the format of SAE xxWxx denotes

The Range of the oil viscosity

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The compatibility of mineral based oils and synthetic oils

Compatibility of mineral based oils and synthetic oils does not exists

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To proper chemical used to clean up a synthetic oil spill

Petroleum solvent

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The term for oils which contain additives

compound oils

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The basic operating principle of a Petroleum oil system

Combining oil with petrol to lubricate the engine, and the oil coming out of the exhaust

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The basic operating principle of a pressure oil system on a piston engine aircraft

The use of an engine driven pressure pump

The type of displacement that an engine driven pump provides

Positive displacement (constant volume)

The basic operating principle of a Splash system in a piston engine

The use of the crankshaft to splash oil within the crank case to properly lubricate working parts

The type of engine lubrication system used in piston engines used, if the engine parts are too far apart to use the splash method

Spray system

The 4 types of Engine lubrication systems for a piston engine

1. Petrol Oil system 2. Pressure system 3. Splash 4. Spray

3. differences between a wet sump and dry sump systems

1. Use of an oil tank 2. Use of scavenge pumps 3. Use of return lines

The typical location of an oil tank for a piston engine using a dry sump

Above engine level, behind the firewall

2 reasons for the expansion space within the oil tank of a piston engine

1. Allow for the thermal expansion of the oil 2. To allow for the increased oil return during engine start

The reason for why a Hopper/ hotpot is required in a piston engine

To allow for quicker heating of the oil during startup

The general operating principle of a Hopper/ hotpot in a piston engine

Allows a small amount of oil to be circulated through the system which heats up faster than if all the cold oil was to be sent through the system at once. Via conduction, the colder oil in the tank is warmed by the hotter returning oil

The device fitted in parallel of the oil pump in a pressure lubrication system

Pressure relief valve

The device the prevents oil from draining into the crank case

Check valve (NRV)

The amount of extra space within an oil tank for piston engines that FARs require a tank to have for expansion

.5 gallons or 10% of tank capacity (which ever is greater)

The addition to the oil tank in a piston engine which ensures no build up of water vapor and excess pressure is vented to atmosphere

Oil breather

The other term for a Hopper/ hotpot

The other terms for a Temperature Accelerating Well

The most likely condition and damage that blocked Oil/ Engine breather tube will cause

Internal engine pressure buildup which will lead to broken seals and oil leakage

What an Oil Breather looks like

The 2 types of constant displacement pumps used on piston engine aircraft

1. Spur gear pump 2. Gerotor pump

Gerotor Pump -Image

The condition that automatically warrents a replacmeent of an engine oil dipstick

Bent dipstick

The type of filtration used on a reciprocating engine which uses pleasted resin-impregnated fibers wrapped around a steel core

Semi-depth

Semi-depth filter-Image

CUNO-Fliter-Image

The name of an aircraft filter which utilizes metal disks, stacked up on a center shaft

CUNO filter

# IMAGE The type of filtration that CUNO filters belong to

Edge Filtration

3 catagories of filtration types in a piston engine

1. Semi-depth 2. Surface filtration 3. Edge Filtration

The type of exhanger that an oil cooler in a piston engine aircraft is

oil-to-air heat exchanger

The typical location of an oil air cooler on a piston engine aircraft using a dry sump

In the return line Between the scavenge pump and the oil tank

In a piston engine aircraft, when oil is cold, it will flow throgh the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the oil cooler

Bypass jacket

In a piston engine aircraft, when the oil is hot it will flow through the ________ of the oil cooler

core

The means of controlling the amount of oil flowing through the bypass jacket or core of an oil cooler on a piston engine

Thermostatically controlled valve

The condition of oil flow in a piston engine in which the bypass valve is inop

Reduction in oil flow through the lines and an increase in oil temperature

Congeal synonmn

coagulate synonomn

The condition and reason for a surge occuring in an oil cooler of a piston engine

When the oil is congealed, oil is too thick which allows scavenger pump to build up excessive preasure

Cold flow in a piston engine oil cooler-image

Hot flow condition in a piston engine oil cooler-image

Surge condition in a piston engine oil cooler-image

What low oil pressure or fluctuations from zero to normal, in oil pressure gauge on piston engine can mean

Low oil qunitiy

The 2 types of temperature systems used in piston engines

1. Wheatstone Bridge 2. Ratiometer

The wheatstone bridge uses 3\_\_\_\_\_\_ resistors and 1\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ resistor

3 fixed resistors, 1 variable resistors

Wheatstone bridge

Ratiometer

The normal contaminatents in a piston engine oil system

Carbon due to combustion iron, aluminium, silicone, lead

What dark AD oil typically means

The dark color means that the oil is doing its job and collecting contaminants

Why the oil in a piston engine should be changed while warm

Warm oil flows easier and more will drain out

What a hgiher amount of iron content in the oil sample will mean

Indicative of crankcase, crankshaft and cylinder wear

What a higher aluminium content in a piston engine oil sample will mean

Indication of piston wear

How the break in of a piston engine is performed and why

Piston engine break-in is performed at high engine RPM which allows proper wearing and sealing action of the piston rings and allows all the engine to be lubricated evenely

The time that the oil level should be checked on a wetsump engine and the reason why

20 minutes after shutdow to allow for all the oil to settle back down into the sump

The most accurate way of determining the type and quantity of contaminants is to send it to the SOAP which stands for

Spectrometric oil analysis program

Oil filters can be fitted with\_\_\_\_\_ to allow oil to continue flowing if the filter becomes blocked with dirt

bypass valve

For piston engines, compare the capacity of the EDP to the scavenger pumps and the reason for the siize differnce

Scavenge pumps are larger to prevent excessive accumlulation of oil in the sump especially at startup

The component that protects the svaange pump from being damaged by large pieces of debris from the crankcase and sump

scavenge filters

The function of the shutters installed behind the oil cooler in piston engine aircraft

Allow the pilot to control the flow of air through the air cooler

The position of the oil cooler shutters at start up

Closed to Allow the oil temperature to rise quickly

Wire mesh and metal strainers fall under this type of filtration

Surface filtration examples

Identify

Thermister resistor