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Power Plant > Reciprocating Engine Induction Systems > Flashcards

Reciprocating Engine Induction Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The 4 typical components of an induction system on a normally aspirated engine

A
  1. Air intake 2. Air filter 3. Fuel metering system 4. Induction manifold
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2
Q

The reason for why air-intakes/ air scoops are located in the propeller slip stream

A

The propeller slipstream has higher velocity that can be used for RAM air into the air scoops

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3
Q

The term for the ducting from the fuel metering device to the individual cylinders

A

description of the intake manifold

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4
Q

On some piston engines, the reason why the intake manifold would be routed through the oil sump before branching off into each cylinder

A

To increase the temp of the gas and make it easier to vaporize

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5
Q

The 3 forms of ice associated with an induction system on a piston engine

A
  1. Throttle 2. Fuel vapor icing 3. Impact
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6
Q

When visible moisture is striking an aircraft and then freezing

A

Definition of impact ice

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7
Q

The first indication of ice in the induction system

A

A reduction of engine power

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8
Q

Condition in a piston engine which will start off as a loss in engine speed followed by engine roughness ina fixed pitch propeller

A

Intake manifold icing

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9
Q

How intake manifold icing is first evidenced on a CONSTANT SPEED PROPELLER

A

Reduction in MAP with no change in engine speed

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10
Q

The system which ducts unfiltered air from within the engine cowling through a sheet metal shroud surrounding the exhaust pipe

A

Description of carburetor heat

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11
Q

The relationship between volumetric efficiency and carburetor heat

A

When carburetor heat is on, the air is less dense, the mixture becomes richer, and the volume of air displaced by the cylinder is reduced

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12
Q

The method that a super charger is typically driven by

A

Crankshaft via a gear train

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13
Q

The draw back of a super charger

A

The useage of large amounts of the engines power for the power increase

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14
Q

The method of which turbochargers are powered

A

Exhaust gasses from the engine used for compression purposes

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15
Q

Definition of Critical Altitude

A

Maximum altitude that a turbocharged engine can produce its rated horsepower under standard atmospheric conditions

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16
Q

The method by which turbocharger bearings are cooled

A

Engine oil in the turbocharger bearing housing

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17
Q

After air hot air leaves the turbo charger, the method of cooling the air before entering the cylinder to prevent _________

A

Intercooler, detonation

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18
Q

Times to switch on the carburetor heat

A
  1. Switch on when flying into known icing conditions 2. Switch on when ever there is a power reduction
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19
Q

The reason why carburetor heat should be switched on whenever there is a power reduction

A

With a reduction of throttle position and power, there is less hot air radiating from the engine to clear ice in the venturi

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20
Q

Difference between where Piper and Cessna aircraft get their carburetor heat from

A

Piper- warm air from behind the cylinder heads Cessna- warm air from the heat exchanger around the exhaust pipes

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21
Q

In a normally aspirated piston engine, the heater muff is essentially a_____ ______

A

heat exhanger

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22
Q

On carburetor engines, the location of the alternate air supply door

A

Alternate air supply door is located in the Carburetor air box

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23
Q

Identify parts

A
  1. Air filter
  2. Temperature probe
  3. Drain line
  4. Spring loaded Alternate air door
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24
Q

The type of piston engines which use alternate air doors

A

Fuel injection engines

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25
Q

What is this?

A

Carburetor Air box

26
Q

Cessna or Piper?

A

Piper

27
Q

Cessna or Piper?

A

Cessna

28
Q

A supercharger can increase the engine’s volumetric effeciecny up to

A

100% volumetric efficiency

29
Q

Where the MAP gauge SENSOR is located on all supercharged aircraft and why

A

Located just after the supercharger

Provides more accurate picture of engine performance

30
Q

The downside of the early ground boost blowers (sea level superchargers)

A

The engine power output still decreased with an increase in altitude

31
Q

The difference between internally driven super chargers and externally driven super chargers

A

Internal compress the fuel/air mixture

External compress the air

32
Q

The 2 components of a cettrifugal compresseor

A
  1. Impeller
  2. Diffuser
33
Q

The purpose of an impeller

A

To increase air velocity

34
Q

The purpose of a difuser in a turbcharger

A

TO convert the kinitc energy of the air stream into pressure energy

35
Q

The vanes in an impeller form what kind of shape

A

divergent

36
Q

Since the turbochrger gets hot during operation, how is it cooled

A

Engine oil pumped through the bearing housing

37
Q

The flow rate of oil going through the turbo charger bearing housing

A

5 gallons per minute

38
Q

The two methods of reducing the density loss of due to adiabatic heating through the turbo charger

A
  1. Passing massflow through an intercooler
  2. Spraying the fuel/air mixture from the carbureator through the eye of the impeller to reduce temperature
39
Q

Aircraft that have super chargers/ turbo chargers typically have what kind of propeller?

A

Constant speed

40
Q

What gauge in the cockpit is used for the pilot to know how much pressure is inside the manifold on an engine using a turbo/ super charger?

A

Manifold Absolute pressure gauge

41
Q

Pressure ratio of an impeller compresser turbo charger increases as

A

It’s speed increases

42
Q

How does the impeller/ turbo charger compensate for the loss of density at altitude being that it must maintain a constant mass of air

A

The impeller rotates faster via the wastegate controller

43
Q

What is the position of the wastegate controller at critical altitude and why?

A

Mostly Closed (not fully to prevent it from being stuck) to ensure more exhasut goes over the turbine to increase compresser speed to compenate for density loss at altitude

44
Q

Waste gate contorllers can be controled_______ or _________

A

manually or automatically

45
Q

What is the means of actuating the waste gate controller

A

Engine oil and spring

46
Q

What are the 6 types of Waste gate actuator controllers

A
  1. Absolute pressure controller
  2. Pressure ratio controller
  3. Rate of change controller
  4. Differntial presure controller
  5. Density controller
  6. Variable pressure controller
47
Q

The APC uses a _____ to sense compresser outlet pressure

A

aneroid capsule

48
Q

Position that the APC places the wastegate at low power setting

A

Fully closed

49
Q

The purpose of the Automatic pressure controller in a Turbo charger system

A

Maintain preset Manifold pressure

50
Q

The type of contorller in a Turbocharging system which prevents bootstrapping at part throttle conditions

A

Differneital pressure control

51
Q

Type of controller which senses and maintains pressure between the compresser outlet and the inlet mainfold on a turbocharged engine

A

Differnetial pressure controller

52
Q

Type of contoller used to control waste gate operation when the throttle is fully opened and limits the maximum manifold pressure

A

Density pressure controller

53
Q

The desnity controller in a turbo charged engine contains _____ gas which senses both the ______ and _____ of the compresser outlet air

A

nitrogen gas, temperture and pressure

54
Q

Why does the density controller in a turbocharged engine increases the compresser outlet pressure

A

Reduction of pressure casued by an increase in temperature casused by the turbine and compresser having to work harder as the airraft climbs

55
Q

The desnity controller in a turbo charged engine will ensure that the aircraft maximum avaible density will increase up to

A

critical altitude

56
Q

The type of pressure contoller found on turbo charged aircraft which uses a cam that is linked to the throttle to control the engine bleed oil from the wastegate actuator

A

variable pressure controller

57
Q

The pressure controller on a turbo charged engine which will govern MAP pressure when the throttle is opened rapidly

A

Rate of change pressure controller

58
Q

Pressure controller used on a turbo charged engine which limits comrpesser deliviery( air charge temperature) at high altitude to prevent detonation

A

Pressure ratio controller

59
Q

Wastegate actuators are spring loaded to the ______ position

A

fully open

60
Q

Prior to engine start, what must the position of the waste gate actuator be in

A

Fully open

61
Q
A

Power Plant (23 decks)

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