Receptors and Neurotransmitters of Autonomic NS

Question 1

norepinephrine is a________ neurotransmiter

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

not a neurotransmitter, but a hormone in sympathetic NS

Answer 2

epinephrine

Question 3

receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine are called what

Answer 3

adrenergic

Question 4

dopamine is a _________ neurotransmitter

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 5

receptor for dopamine NT’s

Answer 5

dopaminergic receptors

Question 6

acetylcholine (ACh) is what type of neurotransmitter

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

ACh binds to what receptors

Answer 7

cholinergic (muscarinic and nicotinic)

Question 8

main excitatory NT of CNS

Answer 8

glutamate

Question 9

main inhibitory NT of CNS

Answer 9

GABA

Question 10

peptide neurotransmitter that is endogenous morphine

Answer 10

alpha-Endorphin

Question 11

precursors of ACh

Answer 11

Choline and acetyl CoA

Question 12

rate-limiting step in synthesis of ACh

Answer 12

ChAT (choline acetyl transferase)

Question 13

both ACh and catecholamines have what type of postsynaptic effect

Answer 13

excitatory

Question 14

precursor to catecholamines (epi and norepi and dopamine)

Answer 14

tyrosine

Question 15

rate limiting step in catecholamine (epi, norepi and dopamine) synthesis

Answer 15

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 16

what removes catecholamines

Answer 16

transporters, MAO, COMT

Question 17

what removes ACh

Answer 17

achetylcholinesterase

Question 18

3 main types of metabotropic receptors

Answer 18

muscarinic, dopamine, adrenergic

Question 19

muscarinic receptor subtypes

Answer 19

M1-5

Question 20

dopamine receptor subtypes

Answer 20

D1-5

Question 21

adrenergic (epi and norepi) receptor subtypes

Answer 21

alpha1,2 and beta1-3

Question 22

ionotropic receptor

Answer 22

nicotinic ACh

Question 23

nicotinic ACh subtypes

Answer 23

alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

Question 24

when ACh binds channel, what is the first ion to go inside

Answer 24

Na+

Question 25

2nd ion that goes out of cell when ACh binds to channel

Answer 25

K+

Question 26

what breaks down phospholipids into IP3 and DAG

Answer 26

PLC (phospholipase C)

Question 27

what neurotransmitter binds Gq with beta and gamma subunits causing it to activate PLC

Answer 27

NE

Question 28

what neurotransmitter binds Gs and activates adenylyl cyclase cascade

Answer 28

Epi

Question 29

what neurotransmitter binds to Gi and causes inhibition of adenylyl cyclase cascade

Answer 29

ACh

Question 30

along with Adenylyl cyclase being inhibited by Gi from ACh binding, what channel opens and what channel closes

Answer 30

K+ channel opens Ca2+ channel closes

Question 31

Gi receptors

Answer 31

alpha 2 M2 and M4

Question 32

Gs receptors

Answer 32

D1 and D5 beta1-3

Question 33

Gq receptors

Answer 33

alpha 1 M1,3,5

Question 34

ionotropic receptor (Na+ in and K+ out)

Answer 34

Nm

Question 35

NT at the neuromuscular junctions in spinal cord

Answer 35

ACh

Question 36

2 main clinical aspects of ACh

Answer 36

acetylcholinesterase myasthenia gravis

Question 37

this NT is found in the parasympathetic pre and post ganglion and sympathetic preganglion

Answer 37

ACh

Question 38

this NT main clinical aspects: mood disorders/anxiety

Answer 38

NE

Question 39

found in sympathetic postganglion

Answer 39

NE

Question 40

ACh in its vesicle in the cell on the way to neuromuscular junction to be released comes in contact with what 3 motor proteins in the cell

Answer 40

dynein kinesin myosin

Question 41

what 3 proteins are used to "dock" the ACh vesicle to presynaptic membrane

Answer 41

SNAP-25 and Syntaxin (on membrane) Synaptobrevin (attached to vesicle)

Question 42

what ultimately allows the release of ACh to the synapse

Answer 42

Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin

Question 43

at the postsynaptic cell membrane, what does ACh bind to that causes Na+ to go in and K+ to go out

Answer 43

Nm (AChR)

Question 44

what sits on the postsynaptic membrane and waits to degrade ACh

Answer 44

AChE

Question 45

what is recycled in the process of ACh at neuromuscular junction to allow the whole process to start again

Answer 45

Choline

Question 46

what toxin degrades Synaptobrevin preventing GABA release in spinal cord

Answer 46

Tetanus toxin

Question 47

what toxin degrades SNAP-25 and Syntaxin

Answer 47

Botulinum toxin

Question 48

rate limiting step in dopamine (catecholamine) biosynthesis

Answer 48

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 49

2 specific types of rxns that take place to make dopamine

Answer 49

hydroxylation and decarboxylation

Question 50

dopamine makes what 2 things

Answer 50

NE and Epi

Question 51

dopamine to NE is through what rxn

Answer 51

hydroxylation (w/ vitamin C)

Question 52

norepinephrine to epinephrine is due to what rxn w/ what enzyme

Answer 52

methylation; PNMT

Question 53

tumor of adrenal gland

Answer 53

pheochromocytoma

Question 54

unlike ACh how it is degraded by AChE, the other NT's are taken up by transporters back into presynaptic cell and then degraded on what membrane

Answer 54

outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 55

3 main reuptake transporters

Answer 55

NET DAT SERT

Question 56

this cholinergic receptor is at the SA node on heart that slows HR down

Answer 56

M2

Question 57

this cholinergic receptor is used for all glands in the body

Answer 57

M3

Question 58

skeletal muscle cholinergic receptor

Answer 58

Nm

Question 59

all ganglia have this cholinergic receptor

Answer 59

Nn