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PFM: Biweekly Exam 3 > Receptors and Neurotransmitters of Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Receptors and Neurotransmitters of Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

norepinephrine is a________ neurotransmiter

A

sympathetic

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2
Q

not a neurotransmitter, but a hormone in sympathetic NS

A

epinephrine

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3
Q

receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine are called what

A

adrenergic

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4
Q

dopamine is a _________ neurotransmitter

A

sympathetic

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5
Q

receptor for dopamine NT’s

A

dopaminergic receptors

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6
Q

acetylcholine (ACh) is what type of neurotransmitter

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

ACh binds to what receptors

A

cholinergic (muscarinic and nicotinic)

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8
Q

main excitatory NT of CNS

A

glutamate

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9
Q

main inhibitory NT of CNS

A

GABA

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10
Q

peptide neurotransmitter that is endogenous morphine

A

alpha-Endorphin

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11
Q

precursors of ACh

A

Choline and acetyl CoA

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12
Q

rate-limiting step in synthesis of ACh

A

ChAT (choline acetyl transferase)

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13
Q

both ACh and catecholamines have what type of postsynaptic effect

A

excitatory

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14
Q

precursor to catecholamines (epi and norepi and dopamine)

A

tyrosine

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15
Q

rate limiting step in catecholamine (epi, norepi and dopamine) synthesis

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

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16
Q

what removes catecholamines

A

transporters, MAO, COMT

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17
Q

what removes ACh

A

achetylcholinesterase

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18
Q

3 main types of metabotropic receptors

A

muscarinic, dopamine, adrenergic

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19
Q

muscarinic receptor subtypes

A

M1-5

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20
Q

dopamine receptor subtypes

A

D1-5

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21
Q

adrenergic (epi and norepi) receptor subtypes

A

alpha1,2 and beta1-3

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22
Q

ionotropic receptor

A

nicotinic ACh

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23
Q

nicotinic ACh subtypes

A

alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

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24
Q

when ACh binds channel, what is the first ion to go inside

A

Na+

25
Q

2nd ion that goes out of cell when ACh binds to channel

A

K+

26
Q

what breaks down phospholipids into IP3 and DAG

A

PLC (phospholipase C)

27
Q

what neurotransmitter binds Gq with beta and gamma subunits causing it to activate PLC

A

NE

28
Q

what neurotransmitter binds Gs and activates adenylyl cyclase cascade

A

Epi

29
Q

what neurotransmitter binds to Gi and causes inhibition of adenylyl cyclase cascade

A

ACh

30
Q

along with Adenylyl cyclase being inhibited by Gi from ACh binding, what channel opens and what channel closes

A

K+ channel opens
Ca2+ channel closes

31
Q

Gi receptors

A

alpha 2
M2 and M4

32
Q

Gs receptors

A

D1 and D5
beta1-3

33
Q

Gq receptors

A

alpha 1
M1,3,5

34
Q

ionotropic receptor (Na+ in and K+ out)

A

Nm

35
Q

NT at the neuromuscular junctions in spinal cord

A

ACh

36
Q

2 main clinical aspects of ACh

A

acetylcholinesterase
myasthenia gravis

37
Q

this NT is found in the parasympathetic pre and post ganglion and sympathetic preganglion

A

ACh

38
Q

this NT main clinical aspects: mood disorders/anxiety

A

NE

39
Q

found in sympathetic postganglion

A

NE

40
Q

ACh in its vesicle in the cell on the way to neuromuscular junction to be released comes in contact with what 3 motor proteins in the cell

A

dynein
kinesin
myosin

41
Q

what 3 proteins are used to “dock” the ACh vesicle to presynaptic membrane

A

SNAP-25 and Syntaxin (on membrane)
Synaptobrevin (attached to vesicle)

42
Q

what ultimately allows the release of ACh to the synapse

A

Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin

43
Q

at the postsynaptic cell membrane, what does ACh bind to that causes Na+ to go in and K+ to go out

A

Nm (AChR)

44
Q

what sits on the postsynaptic membrane and waits to degrade ACh

A

AChE

45
Q

what is recycled in the process of ACh at neuromuscular junction to allow the whole process to start again

A

Choline

46
Q

what toxin degrades Synaptobrevin preventing GABA release in spinal cord

A

Tetanus toxin

47
Q

what toxin degrades SNAP-25 and Syntaxin

A

Botulinum toxin

48
Q

rate limiting step in dopamine (catecholamine) biosynthesis

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

49
Q

2 specific types of rxns that take place to make dopamine

A

hydroxylation and decarboxylation

50
Q

dopamine makes what 2 things

A

NE and Epi

51
Q

dopamine to NE is through what rxn

A

hydroxylation (w/ vitamin C)

52
Q

norepinephrine to epinephrine is due to what rxn w/ what enzyme

A

methylation; PNMT

53
Q

tumor of adrenal gland

A

pheochromocytoma

54
Q

unlike ACh how it is degraded by AChE, the other NT’s are taken up by transporters back into presynaptic cell and then degraded on what membrane

A

outer mitochondrial membrane

55
Q

3 main reuptake transporters

A

NET
DAT
SERT

56
Q

this cholinergic receptor is at the SA node on heart that slows HR down

A

M2

57
Q

this cholinergic receptor is used for all glands in the body

A

M3

58
Q

skeletal muscle cholinergic receptor

A

Nm

59
Q

all ganglia have this cholinergic receptor

A

Nn

PFM: Biweekly Exam 3 (20 decks)

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