Receptors and Neurotransmitters of Autonomic NS Flashcards
norepinephrine is a________ neurotransmiter
sympathetic
not a neurotransmitter, but a hormone in sympathetic NS
epinephrine
receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine are called what
adrenergic
dopamine is a _________ neurotransmitter
sympathetic
receptor for dopamine NT’s
dopaminergic receptors
acetylcholine (ACh) is what type of neurotransmitter
parasympathetic
ACh binds to what receptors
cholinergic (muscarinic and nicotinic)
main excitatory NT of CNS
glutamate
main inhibitory NT of CNS
GABA
peptide neurotransmitter that is endogenous morphine
alpha-Endorphin
precursors of ACh
Choline and acetyl CoA
rate-limiting step in synthesis of ACh
ChAT (choline acetyl transferase)
both ACh and catecholamines have what type of postsynaptic effect
excitatory
precursor to catecholamines (epi and norepi and dopamine)
tyrosine
rate limiting step in catecholamine (epi, norepi and dopamine) synthesis
tyrosine hydroxylase
what removes catecholamines
transporters, MAO, COMT
what removes ACh
achetylcholinesterase
3 main types of metabotropic receptors
muscarinic, dopamine, adrenergic
muscarinic receptor subtypes
M1-5
dopamine receptor subtypes
D1-5
adrenergic (epi and norepi) receptor subtypes
alpha1,2 and beta1-3
ionotropic receptor
nicotinic ACh
nicotinic ACh subtypes
alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon
when ACh binds channel, what is the first ion to go inside
Na+
2nd ion that goes out of cell when ACh binds to channel
K+
what breaks down phospholipids into IP3 and DAG
PLC (phospholipase C)
what neurotransmitter binds Gq with beta and gamma subunits causing it to activate PLC
NE
what neurotransmitter binds Gs and activates adenylyl cyclase cascade
Epi
what neurotransmitter binds to Gi and causes inhibition of adenylyl cyclase cascade
ACh
along with Adenylyl cyclase being inhibited by Gi from ACh binding, what channel opens and what channel closes
K+ channel opens
Ca2+ channel closes
Gi receptors
alpha 2
M2 and M4
Gs receptors
D1 and D5
beta1-3
Gq receptors
alpha 1
M1,3,5
ionotropic receptor (Na+ in and K+ out)
Nm
NT at the neuromuscular junctions in spinal cord
ACh
2 main clinical aspects of ACh
acetylcholinesterase
myasthenia gravis
this NT is found in the parasympathetic pre and post ganglion and sympathetic preganglion
ACh
this NT main clinical aspects: mood disorders/anxiety
NE
found in sympathetic postganglion
NE
ACh in its vesicle in the cell on the way to neuromuscular junction to be released comes in contact with what 3 motor proteins in the cell
dynein
kinesin
myosin
what 3 proteins are used to “dock” the ACh vesicle to presynaptic membrane
SNAP-25 and Syntaxin (on membrane)
Synaptobrevin (attached to vesicle)
what ultimately allows the release of ACh to the synapse
Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin
at the postsynaptic cell membrane, what does ACh bind to that causes Na+ to go in and K+ to go out
Nm (AChR)
what sits on the postsynaptic membrane and waits to degrade ACh
AChE
what is recycled in the process of ACh at neuromuscular junction to allow the whole process to start again
Choline
what toxin degrades Synaptobrevin preventing GABA release in spinal cord
Tetanus toxin
what toxin degrades SNAP-25 and Syntaxin
Botulinum toxin
rate limiting step in dopamine (catecholamine) biosynthesis
tyrosine hydroxylase
2 specific types of rxns that take place to make dopamine
hydroxylation and decarboxylation
dopamine makes what 2 things
NE and Epi
dopamine to NE is through what rxn
hydroxylation (w/ vitamin C)
norepinephrine to epinephrine is due to what rxn w/ what enzyme
methylation; PNMT
tumor of adrenal gland
pheochromocytoma
unlike ACh how it is degraded by AChE, the other NT’s are taken up by transporters back into presynaptic cell and then degraded on what membrane
outer mitochondrial membrane
3 main reuptake transporters
NET
DAT
SERT
this cholinergic receptor is at the SA node on heart that slows HR down
M2
this cholinergic receptor is used for all glands in the body
M3
skeletal muscle cholinergic receptor
Nm
all ganglia have this cholinergic receptor
Nn
