ILA: Drug Absorption and Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

the area b/t minimal effective concentration (MEC) and minimal toxic concentration (MTC)

A

therapeutic window

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2
Q

what kind of administration of drug immediately gets to the max effective dose

A

IV adminitration

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3
Q

drug concentration in plasma

A

Cp

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4
Q

achieve efficacy w/out toxicity is what

A

first goal of drug therapy

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5
Q

get Cp w/in therapeutic window in the shortest possible time is what

A

second goal of drug therapy

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6
Q

maintain Cp w/in therapeutic window during pharmacotherapy

A

third goal of drug therapy

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7
Q

what the body does to the drug is called

A

pharmacokinetics

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8
Q

what the drug does to the body is called

A

pharmacodynamics

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9
Q

plasma concentration correlates with drug concentration at the receptor (increase Cp= increase effect)

A

central dogma of pharmacokinetics

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10
Q

these 4 things affect plasma concentration of drug

A

ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination)

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11
Q

2 main types of drug delivery we will discuss

A

Oral (P.O. swallowing)
Parenteral (I.V.)

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12
Q

size of drug molecule, hydrophobicity, charge, pH trapping, and area of absorption are all what

A

obstacles to drug absorption

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13
Q

what junction prevents paracellular transport

A

tight junctions

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14
Q

flux=

A

(concentration difference x area)/thickness

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15
Q

a _____ drug is a neutral molecule that can reversibly dissociate into anion and proton (H+)

A

weak acid

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16
Q

a ______ drug forms a cation by combining with a proton (H+)

17
Q

protonated form of a weak acid is ______

A

neutral (lipid soluble)

18
Q

unprotonated form of a weak base is ______

A

neutral (lipid soluble)

19
Q

in acidic environment (high proton), a weak acid will exist as what

A

neutral form (higher uptake)

20
Q

in acidic environment (high proton), a weak base will exist as what

A

cation form (less uptake)

21
Q

henderson-hasselbach eq. for weak acids

A

pH= pKa + log [charged/deprotonated/trapped]/[uncharged/protonated/membrane permeable]

22
Q

_____ is the pH at which 50% of molecules dissociate

23
Q

henderson-hasselbach eq. for weak bases

A

pH=pKa - log [charged/deprotonated/trapped]/[uncharged/protonated/membrane permeable]

24
Q

when pH of environment (like stomach) is super low, uncharged/permeable form prevails, favoring ________

A

absorption

25
when pH of environment (like blood) is 7.4, charged form prevails, favoring _____
trapping
26
example of very fast absorption, having therapeutic effect before drug is even metabolized
sublingual administration
27
ex of drug that is administered sublingually
nitroglycerine
28
first pass of absorption when the drug is administered P.O. enteral (into GI tract)
hepatic (portal vein)
29
produce a local effect prolong systemic action
methods for delayed absorption
30
once absorption happens, what 3 things come next
1. binding to plasma proteins 2. distribution 3. elimination
31
binds mainly acidic drugs
plasma albumin
32
_______ do not saturate the plasma protein binding sites
therapeutic doses
33
drug that binds to fat and cannot achieve rapid induction; it's a general anesthetic
thiopental
34
drug that binds to calcium and leads to bone and teeth toxicity
tetracycline
35
apparent volume of distribution
Vd
36
volume of distribution (Vd) (in vitro)=
Vd= D/Cb D- dose Cb- solvent in beaker
37
volume of distribution (Vd) (in vivo)=
Vd=D/Cp D-dose Cp- concentration of drug in plasma
38
where does most of the drug go when it is being distributed
most to tissues, some is eliminated
39
LD50 or TD50/ED50
therapeutic index