Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PFM: Biweekly Exam 3 > Common Statistical Tests > Flashcards

Common Statistical Tests Flashcards

1
Q

statistics that summarizes characteristics of a dataset

A

descriptive statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

statistics that allows you to test a hypothesis

A

inferential statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

study that provides details about who, when, where in relation to what (outcome)

A

descriptive studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

study that answers why or how; test the hypothesis

A

analytic study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

detailed report of individual patient; typically a novel or unusual case ex. Phineas Gage

A

case report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

detailed report on several individual patients; no comparison group; retro or prospective

A

case series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

study that looks at data at a single point in time

A

cross-sectional study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

study that has unit of measure being a group, not separate individuals; used to understand relationships b/t outcome and exposures at population level

A

ecological studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

assuming what is true of a population is true for the individual members of that population

A

ecological fallacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

researcher observes effect of a specific variable

A

observational study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

researcher manipulates conditions and observes effects in controlled setting

A

experimental study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compare group w/ defined exposure/risk factor to group without exposure; risk factor must be present before disease development

A

cohort study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ex. individuals who use tanning beds have higher risk of developing skin cancer than those who do not

A

cohort study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compares group of people w/ disease to group without that disease; retrospective

A

case-control study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ex. individuals w/ skin cancer had higher odds of indoor tanning in the past than those without skin cancer

A

case-control study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

statistical analysis that combines results of multiple scientific studies

A

meta-analysis study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this specific trial is prospective and measures effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment

A

randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

trial that compares effect of a series of greater or equal to 2 treatments on a subject; subject serves as their own control

A

crossover clinical trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

selecting group from whom you will actually collect data in your research

A

sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

type of sampling that is randomization of a simple frame using random number generation

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

type of sampling that divides a population into groups w/ similar characteristics; then takes random samples from each group

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

similar to stratified, except groups are representative of population; not always accurate

A

cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sample every nth person or group

A

systematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

participants in the control and experimental groups are paired up

A

matched sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

characteristics required for participants to be included

A

inclusion criteria

26
Q

prevents selection bias in the RCTs by concealing the allocation of participants into groups until the moment of assignment (think match day)

A

concealed allocation

27
Q

occurs when some members of pop. are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than other members

A

selection bias

28
Q

when participants leave/withdraw during a study

A

attrition

29
Q

bias introduced if characteristics of people lost to follow up differ from those who remain in the study

A

attrition bias

30
Q

systematic error when participants do not remember previous events/experiences accurately or omit details

A

recall bias

31
Q

bias that deals with error in data collection

A

measurement bias

32
Q

participants change behavior b/c they are aware they are being observed

A

Hawthorne Effect

33
Q

subjects in diff. groups are not treated the same

A

procedure bias

34
Q

a distortion that modifies an association b/t an exposure and an outcome b/c a factor is independently associated w/ the exposure and outcome (ex. ice cream sales and shark attacks)

A

confounding bias

35
Q

variable experimenter manipulates

A

independent variable

36
Q

what is affected by independent variable

A

dependent variable

37
Q

variable that deals with 2 or more groups being measured

A

categorical

38
Q

type of categorical variable that deals with descriptive only and no order

A

nominal

39
Q

type of categorical variable that deals with the sequence of categories being ordered so we can assign numbers

A

ordinal

40
Q

variable that can be quantified as a number

A

numerical

41
Q

any number is possible b/t 2 integers

A

continuous

42
Q

represent measured quantities of things, allowing for degree of difference b/t two values

A

interval

43
Q

whole integers; only some numbers possible

A

discrete

44
Q

explores 1 variable in a set at a time

A

univariate analysis

45
Q

explores 2 variables in a set at a time

A

bivariate analysis

46
Q

explores multiple variables in a set at a time; reduces chance of bias

A

multivariate analysis

47
Q

how much variability exists in a set of values, around the mean of these values

A

standard deviation

48
Q

these both decrease as sample size increases

A

standard deviation and standard error

49
Q

estimate of how much variability exists in a (theoretical) set of a sample means around the true population mean

A

standard error

50
Q

measure of the spread of a dataset

A

variability

51
Q

diff. b/t highest and lowest value

A

range

52
Q

range of the middle half of a distribution

A

interquartile range

53
Q

average distance from the mean

A

standard deviation

54
Q

average of squared distances from the mean

A

variance

55
Q

concept of how the data evens out

A

regression to the mean

56
Q

shows data near the mean occur more frequently than data far from mean; probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean

A

normal distribution

57
Q

mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 1

A

standard normal distribution

58
Q

extreme values at right end

A

positive skew

59
Q

extreme values at left end

A

negative skew

60
Q

occurrence of new cases

A

incidence

61
Q

number of existing cases

A

prevalence

PFM: Biweekly Exam 3 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions