Rebellions Flashcards
Causes of Kett’s
- Enclosures. Peasants lost their right to common land due to indirect tax on enclosures, resulting in poverty.
- Hatred towards local government
- Wanted better trained priests
Details of Kett’s
16,000 rebels marched to Norwich. They weren’t allowed in Norwich so they camped at Mousehold Heath.
Lord Russell and the Earl of Northampton were sent to suppress rebels.
Russell had foreign mercenaries and defeated the rebels on the 4th of August.
However, Northampton was defeated by the rebels and fled.
Somerset was then forced to send an army of 12,000, including Italian mercenaries, under the command of Warwick (Northumberland)
Battle of Dussindale 25th August killed 3,000 rebels
Causes of Western
- Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
- Lack of trust between peasants and landowners
- Taxation on sheep
Western Rebellion
When was William Body killed? By whom and why?
15th April 1548
By William Kylter and Pascoe Trevain.
It was Body’s task, appointed by Somerset, to collect Catholic ornaments in Cornwall but he desecrated them, causing offence
Details of Western
- 6,000 rebels, mostly farmers, tin miners and fishermen
- Sir Gwaine Carew and Russell led an army, including Italian and German mercenaries, to suppress them.
- Rebels were greatly outnumbered (8,000 troops) so rebels lost Battle of Stampford Courtenay
Wyatt’s causes
-Xenophobic
Afraid of a Spanish king. Many gentry wanted her to marry Edward Courtney
-Economy
Decline in local cloth industry. Debt and unpaid rents had still not been resolved
-Religion
Some rebels came from Maidstone, a Protestant stronghold.
Details of Wyatt’s
- Wyatt and 3,000 rebels marched to london
- Duke of Norfolk sent to stop them but this failed as soldiers joined the rebellion, increasing the numbers to 4,000.
- Mary had to fortify London and wait for the rebels.
- Speech at Guildhall provided her with London’s support.
- Rebels were blocked and unable to breach the city’s defences. They were forced to surrender.
- 100 rebels including Wyatt were executed
Northern Rebellion causes
- Failure of Norfolk marriage conspiracy
- Elizabeth made Earls feel like they had to rebel. She didn’t trust Westmorland and Northumberland
- Rebel earls felt a deep sense of dishonour due to being cut out of the northern government and replaced by non-northerners
- Against Protestantism. Catholics had been discriminated, for example in Durham, the Cathedral’s holy water had been used in the kitchen.
Details of Northern
- Northumberland and Westmorland’s forces joined in november and seized Durham Cathedral. There they celebrated Mass and tore up English Bibles.
- They also seized the Crown’s main stronghold in the country, Barnard Castle.
- Rebels heard of Sussex’s army of 7,000 (against the rebels 4,500) and dispersed.
Reasons for failure of Northern
- Disorganised. Motives were unclear and N and W didn’t access the situation accurately
- Couldn’t secure foreign support. Had hoped for support from France and Spain but none came
- In winter so most rebels were freezing and starving
- Authorities acted decisively and quickly
Northern Rebellion strengths of gov
- Acted sensibly. Cecil studied map of Durham to come to appropriate decision
- Rebels gained no support from conservative nobility from other parts of the north, little enthusiasm to get rid of E
Northern Rebellion weaknesses of gov
- Lack of comprehension of the cultural differences between north and south
- Dependance on Leicester
- Ruthless government as 450 (Fletcher) -800 (Elton) were executed
Causes for Essex
- Rivalry between Essex and Cecil
- Financial problems. E refused to renew his monopoly on the import of fortified wine. In debt of £16,000
- Unjustly accused of treason involving the Pope and the Spanish
Details of Essex
- Plan was to get rid of Cecil and his supporters
- 300 supporters gathered around his house on 8th Feb 1601
- Essex took 4 PC’s hostage and tried to gain more support but few were interested.
- Essex returned to his house and the PC’s had been released
- That evening Essex surrendered
