Edward VI

Question 1

When was the Homily on Obedience written and why?

Answer 1

1547 After Somerset had overthrown the Regency Council people feared the breakdown of law and order so Archbishop Cranmer formed the Homily on Obedience to be read in parish churches, which stressed the legal, moral and religious need to obey legally constituted authority

Question 2

When was the 1st Book of Common Prayer created and by whom?

Answer 2

1549 by Archbishop Cranmer

Question 3

When was the 2nd Book of Common Prayer created and by whom?

Answer 3

1552 by Archbishop Cranmer

Question 4

Explain the factional rivalry between Somerset and his brother Thomas Seymour

Answer 4

Thomas had been angered as he had been left out of the Regency Council. Somerset made him Lord Admiral and Lord Seymour of Sudeley however Seymour was not satisfied. He tried to turn Edward VI against Somerset and plot with the Earl of Southampton against Somerset. Somerset had no choice but to bring treason charges against his brother.

Question 5

What was Somerset’s main aim in terms of foreign policy?

Answer 5

To unite the crowns of England and Scotland by enforcing the marriage of Edward VI and the infant Mary Queen of Scots

Question 6

In which battle did Somerset defeat the Scots and when was it?

Answer 6

Battle of Pinkie 1547

Question 7

Why did Somerset’s foreign policies begin to fail? (4)

Answer 7

1. The forts were expensive and difficult to garrison (provide (a place) with a group of troops) 2. The English could not capture the strategically placed castles at Dunbar and Edinburgh 3. Somerset underestimated the cooperation between Scotland and France 4. Failed to blockade the Firth of Forth properly, enabling France to relieve Edinburgh (release from duty by taking their place)

Question 8

How did Somerset pay for the war? What were the pros and cons of this?

Answer 8

By debasing the coinage He had managed to raise £537,000 but it had heightened inflationary pressures that were already evident by Henry VIII’s death and added to the social distress.

Question 9

When were the Western and Kett’s rebellion?

Answer 9

1549

Question 10

Where was the Western Rebellion?

Answer 10

Cornwall and Devon

Question 11

Name the three reasons for the Western Rebellion

Answer 11

1. Religious grievances as they wanted to reverse the religious reforms 2. There was tensions as peasants and rural labourers didn’t trust landowners 3. Taxation due to Somerset’s sheep tax

Question 12

Where was the Kett’s rebellion?

Answer 12

East Anglia

Question 13

Name the three reasons for the Kett’s rebellion

Answer 13

1. Hatred of local government officials 2. Resentment of the abuse by landowners of the norfolk foldcourse system 3. Frustration towards the maladministration locally of the Howards

Question 14

Who had Somerset appointed to deal with the Kett’s rebellion?

Answer 14

Lord Russell, a rising noble with estates in the West Country

Question 15

Which PC resented Somerset’s appointment as Lord Protector?

Answer 15

Earl of Southampton, leading conservative. He was arrested within a few weeks.

Therefore Southampton had a personal and religious motive to get rid of Somerset

Question 16

Privy Council under Somerset opinions of religon

Answer 16

Majority were Reformers and all supported the break with Rome

Question 17

Catholicism under Somerset

Answer 17

80% of population were very conservative. Catholics remained strong in the north, especially Lancashire

Question 18

Northumberland economy

Answer 18

• Antwerp Cloth Market collapsed in 1551 meant England couldn’t rely on selling the majority of english cloth into the Netherlands
• Forced to attempt trade in Morocco
• Got rid of tax on sheep

Question 19

Somerset’s economic policy

Answer 19

Paid for war by debasing the coinage (raised £537,000) but this caused inflation. Led to social distress (1549 rebellions) due to tax on sheep

Question 20

Somerset- People and religion

Answer 20

Clergy in East Anglia and larger towns such as London were better educated who wanted further reform. Some even introduced services in English before they were authorized to do so.

Lower clergy wanted a traditional way of life and opposed change. 80% of population was conservative and Catholics remained strong in the north (Lancashire)

Question 21

Denunciation of images

Answer 21

In London February 1547
Nicholas Ridely’s radical attitude supported by government. Widespread iconoclasm

Question 22

Issued Injunctions

Answer 22

July 1547
Abolished shrines, tables, candlesticks and paintings

Question 23

By when (under Edward) had most images been removed from St Paul’s Cathedral

Answer 23

September 1547

Question 24

Dissolution of the Chantries

Answer 24

December 1547
Chantries, guilds and lay brotherhoods were abolished and their property was seized by the Crown. Bishops were ordered to take most important items from every parish church.
Ed needed money for foreign policy

Question 25

First Book of Common Prayer issued

Answer 25

May 1549
Services in English rather than Latin
But could be seen as moderate as it was just an English translation of the Catholic text

Question 26

People who overthrew Somerset

Answer 26

Warwick (Northumberland), Southampton, Arundel, Lord St John and Cranmer

Question 27

Northumberland became Lord _______ in ______ and Duke of Northumberland in ________

Answer 27

Lord President in February 1550

Duke of Northumberland in October 1551

Question 28

Who did Northumberland appoint to the Council?

Answer 28

Prtoestants such as Dorset and the Bishop of Ely

Question 29

Who did Northumberland remove from the Council?

Answer 29

Southampton, Arundel (conservatives) and Paget (N’s enemy)

Question 30

Northumberland Foreign Policy

Answer 30

Ended war with Scotland and France in Treaty of Bolougne March 1550. It was agreed that Ed would marry Elizabeth of Valouis of France

Question 31

N’s Religious Policies

Answer 31

• Widespread removal of altars. Replaced with communion tables
• Protestants replaced conservative bishops
• 1552 Act of Uniformity enforced publication of a revised Book of Common Prayer

Question 32

42 Articles of Religion

Answer 32

1553

Protestant nature confirmed but still ambiguous in terms of the varieties of Protestantism

Question 33

N money through religion

Answer 33

Melted church plates for bullion

Took property from bishoprics e.g. two-thirds of the Worchester estate went to the Crown

Question 34

1552 Book of Common Prayer

Answer 34

• Radically reformed communion service. Replaced wafer with ordinary bread. Denied act of transubstantiation
• Banned use of ‘popish’ vestments
• Restricted use of church music

Question 35

Evidence that reform came from the people not S/M

Answer 35

• Exiles returned and further influenced beliefs (Martin Bucer)
• 31 Tracts published against Mass in 1548
• Changes depended on the local parish bishops beliefs. E.g. Ridley told his priests not to wear vestments before the Crown enforced it in 1552 CBoP
• Widespread iconoclasm before 1549. In 47, Catholic cross at St Pauls was taken down before legislation was passed by Parliament

Question 36

Evidence people weren’t Protestant

Answer 36

• Lower clergy not in favour
• Some churches hid their paintings rather than destroyed them
• Population rejected Lady Jane Grey’s accession
• Majority still Catholic