Elizabeth I Flashcards
When did the new Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity become law?
May 1559
When did Elizabeth turn down Philip II’s hand in marriage?
1559
How did Philip II of Spain show his recognition of Elizabeth’s right of succession?
He sent his envoy, the Count of Feria (Spanish ambassador), to see Elizabeth a month before Mary’s death
Give an example showing Mary’s councillors attitudes to Elizabeth once she became Queen
On the same day Cecil was appointed Principal Secretary, Elizabeth received a deputation of nine of Mary’s councillors who assured her of their loyalty.
What was the reason for the Act of Supremacy?
To restore the royal supremacy in the Church which had been removed in Mary’s reign so it gave Elizabeth authority to act in matters relating to the Church
When were the 39 Articles of Religion enforced and what was the reason for them?
1563
To define the faith of the Elizabethan Church. Article 17 emphasised the importance of predestination suggesting the Church of England was linked to Calvinism
Name the 8 aspects of the Act of Supremacy
- Papal supremacy, restored by Mary, was rejected
- The Reformation legislation of Henry VIII’s reign was restored
- Heresy laws revived under Mary were repealed
- Communion of Both Kinds were re-established
- An Oath of Supremacy had to be taken by clergymen and church officials and there were penalties for those who refused to do so
- Revived powers of royal visitation of the Church
- Allowed the Crown to appoint commissioners, giving them power to reform, order, amend errors…
- Described the Queen as ‘Supreme Governor’ rather than ‘Supreme Head’ of the Church of England as her father had been.
Give an example that some people disapproved of the Act of Supremacy
Marian bishops felt unable to take the Oath of supremacy and were deprived of their posts. One record estimates around 2,000 parish clergymen were deprived but this is uncertain.
What were the two modifications to Cranmer’s Book of Common Prayer from 1552?
- Variations in Eucharist belief were permitted. ‘The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee’ and ‘Take and eat this in remembrance’.
- The ‘Black Rubric’ which explained the practice of kneeling at the administration of the Eucharist was excluded.
What did the Act of Uniformity say about non-attenders at Church?
They could be fined one shilling (5p)
The 1559 Injunctions meant that parish churches had to purchase which two books?
An English Bible and a copy of the Erasmus’s Paraphrases
Altogether how many acts were passed by Elizabeth’s parliaments?
438
Of the 13 parliamentary sessions in Elizabeth’s reign, how many were asked to grant revenue?
11
Name 6 tactics Elizabeth employed to control her council
- She only discussed policy with small groups and participated in discussions to prevent the council agreeing on formal advice
- Kept close notes to question councillors
- Consulted men outside the council- particularly foreign ambassadors
- Encouraged councillors to compete for rewards- promoted divisions
- Displayed anger and violence
- Displayed affection
Who educated Elizabeth when she was young and what was she taught?
Cambridge’s best graduates such as William Grindal and Roger Ascham
English, Latin , French and Italian
What was the crisis of 1562?
Elizabeth had smallpox and it seemed unlikely she would survive so the issue of succession was more important than ever
Name Elizabeth’s 5 potential suitors
Robert Dudley
Philip II of Spain
Archdukes Ferdinand and Charles of Spain
Prince Erik of Sweden
Name the 3 potential successors
Lady Catherine Grey
Mary Queen of Scots
Earl of Leicester
How many people did Mary have in her Pricy Council and how many did Elizabeth have?
Mary: 50
Elizabeth: 12
How much debt had Mary left to Elizabeth?
£300,000
England’s view on female rulers
- Thought they were being punished by God
- Misogynistic e.g. women couldn’t be priests
- Women’s job was to be a mother as that was God’s design
When did Elizabeth contract smallpox?
1562
Aspects of Elizabeth’s religious settlement that would have pleased Catholics and angered Protestants?
- Variations of Eucharist beliefs
2. Ornaments of church and ministers of those in place before the Act of Uniformity of 1549
Aspects of Elizabeth’s religious settlement that would have pleased Protestants and angered Catholics? 7
- Rejection of Papal supremacy
- Reformation legislation restored
- Communion re-established
- Use of single Book of Common Prayer
- Variations of Eucharist beliefs
- English Bibles in churches
What was the most Catholic county in England?
Lancashire
What does ‘Church Papists’ mean?
Catholics who were loyal to Elizabeth and conformed to the Church of England, whatever their private beliefs
Give evidence to show Elizabeth fully controlled cecil
6
- She was seen to have more wisdom than her subjects as Cecil said ‘it shall be God’s will to have her commandments obeyed’
- Royal propaganda always depicted the Queen as in charge
- Cecil was aware of his position as Elizabeth’s servant. He said ‘to whom I am a sworn first, but as a servant I will obey her majesty’s commandment’
- Cecil was too careful to give Elizabeth unpopular advice
- Elizabeth would use ‘delay-tactics’ if she received unwanted advice
- Elizabeth had frequent temper tantrums to enforce her will
Give evidence to show that Cecil controlled Elizabeth
4
- He controlled to evidence that Elizabeth received
- He organised parliamentary conflicts to pressure Elizabeth
- He plotted with the Privy Council to influence Elizabeth into accepting policies she disagreed with
- He spread rumours to prevent the further rise of Dudley
How did Elizabeth control Parliament?
8
- Isolated extremists through promises of moderate reform
- Making strong speeches to representatives from the Commons
- Directly intervening to preserve the royal prerogative
- Influencing the choice of speaker
- Imprisoning awkward members
- Summoning, proroguing and dissolving sessions of Parliament
- Managing Parliament’s time
Influencing through her councillors the choice of MP’s - Having her councillors present in Parliament
Name challenges to Elizabeth’s power from local administration
3
- Privy Council only had 23 messengers so communication between central government and localities was poor
- MP’s did not want to be Sheriffs so they refused to pass a law saying that all counties should have Sheriffs
- Soldiers that Lords Lieutenants recruited were poor quality
Name challenges to Elizabeth’s power from Parliament
- Freedom of speech
2. Political principal based in the ancient constitution
Appointing a Warden
Trustworthy noble outsider vs lower birth, untrustworthy local
Northerners were usually corrupt with factions
Chose to appoint her own men such as Lord Hudson in 68.
But Northern Rebellion broke power of northern nobles and forced E to appoint outsiders or local non-nobles.
Changes to Council of the North
Act as an agency of the Crown’s authority in areas far from London.
Northern Rebellion meant it failed in its duty
Sussex replaced by Huntingdon in 72
Assize Judges
Important channel of communication and brought a unified system of law in England
Sheriff’s
One year position and only once in a gentry’s lifetime so not every county had a Sheriff. Some county had to be looked after by a neighbouring Sheriff
