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Dates and Figures Flashcards

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1
Q

Marquis of hertford (Duke of Somerset) appointed Lord Protector

A

1547

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2
Q

Somerset enforces enclosures

A

1548

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3
Q

Execution of Sir Thomas Seymour

A

1549

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4
Q

Act of Uniformity

A

1549

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5
Q

First Book of Common Prayer issued

A

May 1549
Services in English rather than Latin
But could be seen as moderate as it was just an English translation of the Catholic text

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6
Q

Western Rebellion

A

1549

Book of Common Prayer was a catalyst

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7
Q

Kett’s Rebellion

A

1549

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8
Q

Fall of Somerset

A

1549

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9
Q

Earl of Warwick (Duke of Northumberland) made Lord President of the Council

A

February 1550

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10
Q

Second Act of Uniformity passed

A

1552

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11
Q

Revised Book of Common Prayer issued

A

1552

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12
Q

Forty-Two Articles of Religion

A

1553

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13
Q

‘Devise’ to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne

A

1553

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14
Q

Denunciation of images in London (Edward)

A

February 1547

Nicholas Ridely’s radical attitude supported by government. Widespread iconoclasm

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15
Q

Issued injunctions (Edward)

A

July 1547

Abolished shrines, tables, candlesticks and paintings

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16
Q

By when (under Edward) had most images been removed from St Paul’s Cathedral

A

September 1547

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17
Q

Dissolution of Chantries

A

December 1547
Chantries, guilds and lay brotherhoods were abolished and their property was seized by the Crown. Bishops were ordered to take most important items from every parish church.
Ed needed money for foreign policy

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18
Q

Pope appointed papal legate (representative) to England

A

1553

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19
Q

Wyatt’s Rebellion

A

January 1554

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20
Q

Execution of Lady Jane Grey

A

1554

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21
Q

Marriage of Mary and Philip II of Spain

A

25th July 1554 at Winchester Cathedral

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22
Q

Heresy Act: beginning of burnings of heretics

A

February 1555

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23
Q

Harvest failure under Mary

A

1555-1556

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24
Q

Execution of Cranmer

A

1556

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25
Q

Mary joined war against France

A

June 1557 after Stafford invaded England and seized Scarborough Castle. Previously Councillors had not wanted to go to war as it would jeopardise French trade

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26
Q

Pole’s legatine commission revoked by Pope Paul IV

A

1557

Meant he could no longer act directly on behalf of the Pope

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27
Q

Influenza epidemic under Mary

A

1557

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28
Q

Loss of Calais

A

January 1558

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29
Q

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis between France and Spain

A

April 1559
Between Spain and France to end war over Italy.
France would retain Calais for 8 years

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30
Q

Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy passed under Elizabeth

A

1559

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31
Q

Issue of royal injunctions

A

1559

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32
Q

Elizabeth send troops to the Protestant Lords of the Congregations in Scotland

A

1559

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33
Q

Treaty of Edinburgh

A

July 1560

French troops were withdrawn from Scotland and the Lords of the Congregation were accepted as a provisional government

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34
Q

Elizabeth falls ill with smallpox

A

1562

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35
Q

Elizabeth sends military support for French Huguenots

A

1562

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36
Q

Thirty-Nine Articles

A

1563

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37
Q

First time Elizabeth is pressed to marry by Parliament

A

1563

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38
Q

Treaty of Troyes between England and France

A

April 1564

Lost protection she had gained in the Cateau-Cambresis and lost Calais permanently

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39
Q

The Convocations

A

1563

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40
Q

Vestment controversy

A

1564-66

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41
Q

Second time Elizabeth is pressured to marry by Parliament

A

1567

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42
Q

Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate (resign)

A

1567

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43
Q

First Catholic priests trained at Douai arrive in England

A

1574

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44
Q

Marriage negotiations between Elizabeth and the Duke of Alencon

A

1578-81

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45
Q

Arrival of first missionary in England

A

1580

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46
Q

Mary Queen of Scots flees from Scotland to England

A

1567

Leaves James as King

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47
Q

English Catholic College founded in Douai by William Allen

A

1568

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48
Q

Clashes between Spanish fleet and English fleet under John Hawkins at San Juan de Ulua

A

September 1568

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49
Q

Elizabeth seizes Spanish bullion ships seeking shelter in English ports

A

November 1568

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50
Q

Northern Rebellion

A

November 1569 - January 1570

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51
Q

Elizabeth excommunicated by Pope Pius V

A

1570

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52
Q

Ridolfi Plot

A

1571

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53
Q

Treaty of Blois

A

1572
Between England and France
Guy-‘defensive league’ against Spain. France then abandoned their support that Mary Stuart should be Queen of England

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54
Q

Duke of Norfolk executed for treason

A

1572

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55
Q

St Bartholomew’s Massacre of French Protestants

A

23rd-24th of August 1572

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56
Q

Cartwright and Field begin campaign to reform the organisation of the English Church

A

1572

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57
Q

John Whitgift appointed Archbishop of Canterbury

A

1583

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58
Q

Throckmorton Plot

A

1583

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59
Q

Expulsion of Spanish ambassador

A

1584

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60
Q

Assassination of William of Orange, leader of the Dutch rebels against Spain

A

1584

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61
Q

Bond of Association

A

1584

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62
Q

‘Bill and Book’ proposals by Presbyterians

A

1584

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63
Q

Treaty of Joinville

A

1584

Alliance between Philip II and the French Catholic League

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64
Q

Treaty of Nonsuch

A

1585
Alliance between English and Dutch.
Elizabeth turned down offer of supreme ruler of the United Provinces but agreed to send 6,400 soldiers and 1,000 cavalry

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65
Q

Parry Plot

A

1585

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66
Q

Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests

A

1585

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67
Q

Treaty of Berwick (Second-there were two treaties of Berwick)

A

1586

Elizabeth and James VI of Scotland pledge friendship

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68
Q

Babington Plot

A

1586

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69
Q

Queen Mary of Scotland convicted of involvement in the Babington Plot

A

1586

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70
Q

Execution of Mary Queen of Scots

A

8th February 1587

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71
Q

Successful attack on Spanish fleet at Cadiz

A

1596

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72
Q

‘Bill and book’ reintroduced in House of Commons by Anthony Cope

A

1587

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73
Q

Spanish Armada defeated

A

1588

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74
Q

Death of Leicester

A

September 1588

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75
Q

Publication of first ‘Martin Marprelate’ tracts

A

1588

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76
Q

Portuguese expedition

A

1589

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77
Q

Death of Walsingham

A

1590

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78
Q

Death of Hatton

A

1591

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79
Q

Robert Cecil promoted to Privy Council

A

1591

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80
Q

Beginning of Tyrone Rebellion

A

1594

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81
Q

First series of bad harvests under Elizabeth

A

1594

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82
Q

Appointment of Robert Cecil as Secretary of State

A

1596

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83
Q

Worst harvest of the century

A

1596

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84
Q

Poor Law passed and initiated

A

1597, initiated in 98

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85
Q

1st Parliament issue over monopolies

A

1597

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86
Q

Azores Expedition

A

1580

1597

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87
Q

Death of Lord Burghley

A

1598

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88
Q

Defeat of the Bagenal at the Battle of Yellow Ford

A

1598

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89
Q

Essex returns from Ireland

A

1599

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90
Q

Essex Rebellion

A

8th February 1601

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91
Q

Essex’s execution

A

25th February 1601

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92
Q

Revised Poor Law passed

A

1601

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93
Q

2nd Parliament issue over monopolies

A

1601

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94
Q

Surrender of Tyrone

A

1603

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95
Q

End of war against Spain

A

1604

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96
Q

Under Elizabeth 4 priests were executed in _____ and 11 in ____

A

1581 and 1582

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97
Q

123 Priests were executed from _____ to _____

A

1586- 1603

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98
Q

11 secular priests arrived in England

A

1575

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99
Q

100 secular priests arrived in England

A

1580

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100
Q

The recusancy law was tightened

A

1587

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101
Q

In Lancashire 800 Catholics were presented at the Courts and only 11 had ever paid recusancy fines

A

1592

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102
Q

Act of Parliament meant that Catholics had to stay within 5 miles of their homes

A

1593

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103
Q

53 priests and 35 lay persons were executed between _____ and _____

A

1590 and 1603

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104
Q

Death of Henry II of France due to jousting accident

A

June 1559

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105
Q

Death of Francis II (Mary’s husband)

A

1561

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106
Q

Capture of Treasure ship ‘Madre de Dios’

A

1592

Drake gets £40,000 profit

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107
Q

Failed plundering expedition of Drake and Hawkins in the West Indies

A

1595

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108
Q

Unsuccessful expedition in Spain led by Cumberland and Frobisher

A

1590

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109
Q

Massacre of a congregation of Huguenots in France

A

March 1562

110
Q

English troops sent to French Huguenot, Comte de Montgommery, to acquire 7 ships in England for the relief of the Huguenot port, La Rochelle

A

Early 1573

111
Q

Spain annexed Portugal

A

1580

112
Q

Elizabeth expelled Dutch pirates from English ports

A

1572

113
Q

Pacification of Ghent

A

November 1576

114
Q

Spanish returned to the Netherlands

A

1577

115
Q

Tyrone rose up against Elizabeth

A

1595

116
Q

Rebels seized Durham in the Northern Rebellion

A

14th of November 1569

117
Q

How many Scottish villages were burnt by Elizabeth in the Northern Rebellion?

A

300

118
Q

How many troops and rebels were in the Northern Rebellion?

A

Sussex had 7,000 men against 4,600 rebels

119
Q

How many men did Somerset have in the Kett’s Rebellion?

A

12,000, including Italian mercenaries

120
Q

How many rebels were in the Kett’s Rebellion?

A

16,000

121
Q

How many rebels were in the Western Rebellion? Who were they?

A

6,000

Farmers, tin miners or fishermen

122
Q

How many rebels were in the Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A

4,000

123
Q

How many rebels does Elton say were executed after the Northern Rebellion? And Fletcher?

A

Elton- 800

Fletcher- less than 450

124
Q

Henry VIII’s war with Scotland and France had cost England _____

A

£2,134,784

125
Q

Battle of Pinkie Cleugh

A

September 1547

126
Q

How many Sottish and English troops were in the Battle of Pinkie?

A

Scottish- 23,000

English- 36,000

127
Q

How much had the war with Scotland and France cost under Somerset?

A

£1 million

128
Q

By debasing the coinage, how much money did Somerset raise?

A

£537,000

129
Q

In 1547, how much of the English population was Catholic?

A

80%

130
Q

How much debt had Somerset left?

A

£250,000

131
Q

How much money did England receive by ending the Scottish/French war (France’s payment for the return of Boulogne)?

A

£133,333

132
Q

When did Northumberland debase the coinage and what were shillings valued at?

A

8th of July 1551 shillings were valued at 9p rather than 12p

133
Q

Collapse of the Antwerp Cloth Market

A

1551

134
Q

How many tracts were published against Mass and when? (Somerset)

A

1548

at least 31

135
Q

Edward VI fell ill with tuberculosis

A

February 1553

136
Q

Parliament refused to hold a Coronation for Philip II

A

1555

137
Q

How many Protestants were exiled under Mary and where did they go?

A

800 to Frankfurt, Geneva and Zurich

138
Q

Under Mary, when was a bill to seize emigrated Protestants refused as most voted against against it?

A

1555

139
Q

Marian Book of Rates

A

1558

140
Q

Marian Book of Rates increased customs recipients by _____

A

75%

141
Q

Mary spent ____on the navy and built __ new ships

A

£14,000

6

142
Q

How many heretics were burnt under Mary?

A

289

237 men and 52 women

143
Q

How many burnings were in London?

A

60

144
Q

Elizabeth chose Cook (Cecil’s man) over Bacon (Essex’s man)

A

1596

145
Q

How many acts were passed by Parliament throughout Elizabeth’s reign?

A

439

146
Q

How many new borough seats were introduced throughout Elizabeth’s reign in Parliament? Significance?

A

62

Ensured employment of the Crown’s supporters. Also an example of patronage

147
Q

Estimated that ____ clergymen left there posts because they refused to take the Oath of Supremacy

A

2000

148
Q

Fine for those who didn’t attend Church under Elizabeth

A

A shilling (5p)

149
Q

Under Elizabeth, how many Protestant exiles eventually became bishops?

A

17 out of 27 bishops

150
Q

What percentage of senior clergy in York completely approved of Elizabeth’s royal supremacy?

A

23%

151
Q

Pope forbade English Catholics from attending church services under Elizabeth

A

1566

152
Q

Famous martyr Edmund Campion hung, drawn and quartered

A

1581

153
Q

Lancashire recusant, Thomas Tresham owed ____

A

£1,000

154
Q

Which ports did the Spanish vessels seek shelter in November 1568

A

Devon and Cornwall

155
Q

How many florins (gold coins) were the Spanish vessels carrying in November 1568 and where were they borrowed from?

A

400,000 florins

Genoese

156
Q

How many ships did Spain have at the start and end of the Armada?

A

130 ships initially but only 67 returned

157
Q

How many Spanish sailors and soldiers were killed in the Armada?

A

20,000

158
Q

How many ships and men did England lose in the Armada

A

No ships

100 men

159
Q

How many English sailors died from typhus during the Armada?

A

1,000 to possibly 7,000

160
Q

How much would France have to pay to England if they didn’t return Calais? (Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis)

A

500,000 crowns (£125,000)

161
Q

What did Elizabeth promise the Huguenot leader, the Prince of Conde in 1562?

A

6,000 men and a loan of £30,000

162
Q

How many were murdered in St Bartholomew’s Massacre?

A

Between 5,000 and 30,000

163
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth raise for Henry IV of France in 1589?

A

3,600

164
Q

Victory at Bergen-op-Zoom (Netherlands) led by ___

A

1588 led by Willoughby

165
Q

Cost of the war in the Netherlands between 89-94

A

£750,000 between 1589-1594

166
Q

Who died in 1590

A

Walsingham, Croft, Leicester’s brother the Earl of Warwick, and the Earl of Shrewsbury

167
Q

Battle of Dussindale (Kett’s)

How many rebels were killed?

A

25th August

3,000

168
Q

How many of Kett’s articles were religious and what did they say?

A

7 articles and they wanted better trained (Protestant) priests

169
Q

When was William Body killed? By whom and why?

A

15th April 1548
By William Kylter and Pascoe Trevain.
It was Body’s task, appointed by Somerset, to collect Catholic ornaments in Cornwall but he desecrated them, causing offence

170
Q

How many rebels and troops were killed in the Western Rebellion?

A

at least 2,000 rebels and 300 troops

around 5,500 killed in total

171
Q

How many rebels in the Wyatt Rebellion?

A

4,000

172
Q

Evidence Northern Rebellion was caused by religious factors and when

A

14th November 1569

Richard Norton carried the Five Wounds banner (Catholic) into Durham Cathedral to show religious conservatism

173
Q

Reconstitution of the Council of the North and significance

A

1572, placed under the control of the Earl of Huntingdon, a strong Protestant and an outsider with no local ties

174
Q

Who were supporters of Essex? How many supporters did Cecil have?

A

Essex had 2- Rogers and Knolleys

Cecil had 11

175
Q

How much was Essex in debt?

A

£16,000

176
Q

When was there huge price inflation due to war with Scotland and France?

A

1540-1560

177
Q

Treaty of Boulogne

A

March 1550
Ended war with Scotland and France. Arranged marriage between Edward and Elizabeth of Valois (Henry II’s eldest daughter)

178
Q

How many tracts were published against Mass and when?

A

31 in 1548

179
Q

When was the Catholic cross at St Paul’s removed and why was this significant?

A

1547, it was removed before legislation was passed in Parliament. Shows extent of people’s Protestantism

180
Q

Bad harvests under Mary

A

1555-1558

181
Q

How many MP’s voted against the repeal of Edward’s religious laws under Mary

A

80

182
Q

When was the deprivation of married clergy and what happened?

A

Autumn 1553
Over 1/4 of parish clergy in London and Norwich were deprived of their posts but some were reinstated when they gave up their wives

183
Q

MP’s petitioned for Roman jurisdiction (the official power to make legal decisions and judgements) under Mary

A

1554

184
Q

MP’s agreed to repeal all acts against the Pope which had been passed under Edward

A

1554

185
Q

Parliament had been reluctant to introduce heresy laws from ___ to ___

A

April to May 1554

186
Q

Famous victims that were burned under Mary

A

Archbishop Cranmer and Bishop Hooper

187
Q

Main areas where the burnings took place

A

The South-west

London, Kent, Sussex and Essex

188
Q

When was Pole’s legatine synod and what did it do?

A

1556-7

Bishops had to permanently live in their administrative areas

189
Q

When and where was Mass sung before Mary became Queen?

A

Lancashire in 1553

190
Q

Essex appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

A

1599

191
Q

Elizabeth’s intervention in Scotland

A

1559-1560

192
Q

Plans for the Anjou marriage

A

1579

193
Q

When was Thomas Cecil appointed President of the Council of the North

A

1599

194
Q

Act of Seditious Sectaries

A

1593
Imposed severe penalties on those who refused to conform to the Church
Elizabeth was forced to abandon her plan to fine recusants proportionate to their wealth. Bill was heavily changed by MP Raleigh

195
Q

When did Parliament vote for less than to subsidies requested?

A

1601

196
Q

Golden Speech

A

30th November 1601

197
Q

Act of Safety passed by Parliament

A

1585

198
Q

Death of Amy Dudley

A

1560

Conveniently fell down the stairs

199
Q

Thirty- Nine Articles

A

1563

200
Q

The Thirty- Nine Articles were not given legal force until

A

1571

201
Q

When did bishops petition to remove Catholic elements and what were these elements? Significance?

A

1563
Remove the sign of the cross during the baptism ceremony and holy days.
It was only defeated by 1 vote, shows Puritan strength

202
Q

Parker’s ‘Advertisements’ and what it did

A

1564
Laid down the rules for the conduct of services. One compromise was that clergy could wear a surplice rather than a cope for communion.
In London, 37 clergy refused and were deprived of their posts

203
Q

Puritans prophesying

A

1570s

204
Q

When did William Strickland introduced a bill to reform the Book of Common Prayer and what did he propose?

A

1571
Remove all Catholic practices
He was removed by Parliament

205
Q

Admonitions to the Parliament

A

1572

Criticised Church structure, doctrine and the continuation of Catholic priests

206
Q

Presbyterianism movement emerged

A

1580s

207
Q

Who were executed due to the Act of Seditious Sectaries?

A

Separatist leaders Henry Barrow and John Greenwood

208
Q

Whitgift’s appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury and significance

A

1583
His Three Articles forced Puritans to conform or be deprived of their living. 300-400 clergy were removed from their office

209
Q

Attempted coup by Thomas Seymour

A

1548

210
Q

Harvest failure under Edward

A

1551

211
Q

First Act against Catholics

A

1571

Publication of papal bulls or bringing them into the kingdom was treasonable

212
Q

Second Act passed against Catholics

A

1581
Saying Mass was punished by heavy fine and imprisonment. The fine was raised to £20 per month but fines were imposed selectively so most Catholics were not seriously threatened.

213
Q

Act against Jesuits and Seminary priests

A

1585

Treasonable for any of the Pope’s priests to enter England

214
Q

How much did the portuguese expedition cost in money and lives?

A

£50,000

11-19,000 lives

215
Q

How many proclamations and injunctions did Somerset issue in 3 years?

A

76

216
Q

Who did Northumberland expel and who replaced him?

A

Arundel replaced by his friend Graves

217
Q

Mary’s Speech at Guildhall

A

1554

218
Q

How many plans were made to overthrow Mary

A

4 but Wyatt’s was the only one put into effect

219
Q

Lambeth Articles

A

1595

220
Q

Treaty of Berwick (first)

A

February 1560

Between England and Lords of the Congregation. England would send troops to expel the French troops from Scotland

221
Q

Union of Utrecht

A

1579

Brings together 7 northern provinces in the United Provinces

222
Q

Somerset’s war with Scotland cost _____

A

£580,000

223
Q

How many chantries were removed due to the Chantries Act?

A

2,374

224
Q

In 1547, how many tracts were written against Catholics?

A

21

225
Q

Protestent centres during Somerset’ reign?

A

South East and London

226
Q

Where was the Western Rebellion?

A

Devon and Cornwall

227
Q

How many demands of the Western Rebellion were religious?

A

11/16

228
Q

Who were the people outside the Council that Mary took advice from?

A

Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard
Cousin, Charles V (Holy Roman Empire)
Husband, Philip II
Bishop Gardiner

229
Q

What proportion of the burnings were in Southern England and East Anglia?

A

2/3

230
Q

Who were the majority of people burned?

A

Women and laymen

231
Q

Evidence of Protestantism during the burnings

A

Crowds would wear white in order to sympathise with the victims and in Suffolk, Cranmer would escort the victims to the stake

232
Q

How much debt had Mary left by the end of her reign?

A

£300,000

Same as it was in 1551

233
Q

Mary fled to _____ due to the ‘Devise’

A

East Anglia

Very Protestant but they still supported her

234
Q

Somerset’s Title and Northumberland’s Title

A

Somerset- Lord Protector

Northumberland- Lord President

235
Q

Which two bishops refuse to wear vestments (under Northumberland) before the 1552 Book of Common Prayer?

A

Hooper and Raleigh

236
Q

Northumberland stopped debasing the coinage in ___

A

1550

237
Q

Plans for Essex rebellion

A

December 1600 but leaked to Cecil

238
Q

Number of Parliamentary sessions throughout Elizabeth’s reign?

A

13

239
Q

How many rebels were executed in the Northern Rebellion?

A

900

240
Q

In the Northern Rebellion, what proportion of the instigators were Catholic?

A

3/4

241
Q

Spanish Fury

A

1576

Murdering rampage in Antwerp

242
Q

Anjou heads into Netherlands against Spanish

A

1582

243
Q

English loss at Geertruidenberg (Netherlands)

A

1588

244
Q

Willoughby is replaced by _____

A

De Vere.

De Vere works well with the Prince of Nassau (Prince of Orange)

245
Q

Which years do De Veer and Nassau take key towns in the Netherlands? Which key towns?

A

88-94

Zutphen, Deventer and Nijmegen

246
Q

Creation of autonomous northern Netherlands

A

1594

247
Q

Duke of Alba (Spain) was replaced by _____

A

Parma

248
Q

Santa Cruz’s death (very good Spanish sailor) and replacement

A

Died in February 1588

Replaced by inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia

249
Q

Public/private partnership

A

1588
Private expeditions who would gain personal profit, whilst benefitting England/Elizabeth
Provides war on the cheap

250
Q

How much had been spent on foreign policy by 1603?

A

£1,419,596

251
Q

Expelled Dutch Sea Beggars

A

1572
Dutch pirates, licensed by William of Orange (Netherlands nobleman) expelled from English ports so they were forced to land in the Dutch port of Brielle

252
Q

When did the Spanish return to the Netherlands and what did Elizabeth do?

A

1577, year after the Pacification of Ghent
Elizabeth promised the Dutch Estates General £100,000 and military support if the French tried to invade the Netherlands. But she did not actually help them due to fear of war with Spain and lack of trust towards the rebels.

253
Q

What did Elizabeth do instead of sending military support and money, as promised, to the Dutch Estates General in 77?

A

She hired German mercenaries from the Palatinate to fight on the behalf of the rebels

254
Q

3 things Elizabeth did in the early 80s to annoy the Spanish

A
  • supported the Portuguese pretender Don Antonio
  • knighted Francis Drake in 81
  • supported the mistreatment of the Spanish ambassador at Court
255
Q

Leicester’s expedition to the Netherlands

A

December 1585

256
Q

Philip II persuades Pope not to excommunicate Elizabeth

A

1557

257
Q

Hawkins attempted to break Spanish trading monopoly in the Caribbean

A

September 1568

His fleet blockaded the Spanish in the mexican port of San Juan de Ulua, and only two of his ships were able to escape

258
Q

Duke of Alba (Spain) goes to Netherlands

A

1566

259
Q

Mary Queen of Scots marriage to Darnley

A

1565

260
Q

Subsidies granted by Parliament

A

All but two were granted throughout her reign

261
Q

Peter Wentworth

A

Commons ordered his imprisonment when he suggested freedom of speech in 76 and 87

262
Q

How many MP’s were there by 1603?

A

55

Increasingly small and under E’s control

263
Q

Parliament petition regarding marriage

A

1563
Signed by 8 PC’s

1567
Cecil drafted petition with many MP’s signatures

264
Q

Turner

A

1584 Bill for a Presbyterian structure

Parliament refused to listen to him

265
Q

Stafford Plot

A

1587

Walsingham manufactured plot to make E decide to execute Mary

266
Q

Issue over monopolies

A

In parliamentary sessions in 98 and 01
Parliament succeeded in forcing Elizabeth to agree on the most unpopular monopolies. She promised to cancel some monopolies and suspend others

267
Q

Golden Speech

A

1601

268
Q

Cost of war with Spain

A

£4 million

269
Q

Influenza epidemic under Mary

A

1556-58

270
Q

Improved trade under E

A
  • Muscovy Company was incorporated in 1555 to trade with russia and northern Europe
  • Growing trade in Morocco

History (9 decks)

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