Mary I Flashcards
What was the significance of Calais?
It was the last trait of traditional rule over France and was symbolically important (but not economically)
Who did Mary marry and when?
Philip II of Spain, the son of Emperor Charles V
25th of July 1554
Why was a treaty made when Mary married and what did it declare? (3)
The public feared a marriage to a foreigner so a treaty was made to diminish their fear.
It declared that:
- Philip should have no regal power in England,
- No foreign appointments would be made to the privy council
- England would never be involved in or pay costs towards any of Philip’s wars
What three reasons did people have to disapprove of Mary’s marriage?
- It would be a threat to Protestantism
- They were xenophobic
- Parliament feared that Philip would involve England in the Habsburg-Valois wars in Europe, despite the marriage treaty of 1554
When was the Wyatt’s rebellion?
1554
When did Mary begin to burn heretics?
February 1555
Name 3 prominent leaders who were burnt for heresy?
Archbishop Cranmer
Bishop Hugh Latimer
Bishop John Ridley
Where were the number of burnings highest?
South East of England and East Anglia
What is John Lotherington’s interpretation towards Mary’s religious policies?
“Protestantism benefitted from her reign”
How many MP’s opposed the reversal of Edward’s religious legislation?
A substantial minority of around 80
Name 3 problems Mary faced with Parliament
- Philip was refused coronation in 1555. In 1554 Parliament rejected a Bill which included philip in the protective clauses in a proposed law on treason.
- Mary and Reginald Pole wanted to reunite the English church with Rome on terms which would reform church lands. However, the nobility and laity became self-interested property rights ensured that ex-monastic property wouldn’t be restored to the church.
- Parliament refused to confiscate the lands of exiled Protestants. A Bill to allow the capturing of emigrated Protestants property was defeated in 1555. Parliament denied Mary the right to confiscate the land of 800 or so who had fled to Protestant places such as Frankfurt, Zurich and Geneva.
What were the naval reforms that she introduced?
- 6 new naval ships built
- £14,000 budgeted to the navy
- New methods of raising troops
What were the reforms that she introduced towards poor relief?
- Enforced laws against grain hoarders
2. Encouraged people to convert from pasture land to tillage
Loyal supporters of Mary
Rochester and Waldegrave
They had no serious political experience so they couldn’t be in her Council
Working Council board
Much smaller group of the 50 councillors. Included Gardiner (never trusted him as he failed to support her mother)
Winchester
and Paget (lost trust in Paget due to his opposition of the Restoration of the english Church with Rome
