rebellion to charles Flashcards
charles’ scottish privy council abandons Edinburgh
more riots broke out after the St Giles Cathedral - in Glasgow and Edinburgh.
OCT 1637 the privy council abandoned Edinburgh
Scottish Naitonal Covenant
Feb 1638
-manifesto to unite the rebellious and to maintain Presbyterianism as the religion in scotland.
when was first bishops war
1639
charles’ initial response to the covenant
allowed a glasgow general assembly
Nov 1638 they proceeded to annul canon laws and abolish episcopacy
=charles did this to delay them as he was raising an army
when was charles’ army ready for the scottish covenanters
april 1639. he had 15,000 and they were untrained and unruly
how did charles try to diffuse the 1st bishops war
truce of berwick june 1639 - for the disbandment of both armies. this was charles didnt want to have to recall parliament for finance.
=scottish didnt disband their army as they didnt trust charles
when was short parliament
april -may 1640
2nd bishops war
1640
events in the 2nd bishops war
aug 1640 - the scots easily took newcastle to little resistance.
consequences of the 2nd bishops war
the treaty of ripon - october 1640
charles would pay for the scottish army’s living costs while in newcastle (£850 A DAY)
=> humiliated charles and meant he had to call another parliament to finance this
disparity in strength of armies in the bishops war
english 15,000 - trained bands (local militia) who were untrained and didnt trust charles. eg they rioted, committed robberies and murder
scottish: made up of veterans from the 30 years war. had expertise and devotion to the cause.
irish divisions charles
-irish catholics (natives)
-catholic old english
-protestant new english
-presbytarian scots in plantations (land confiscated from the irish to build settlements for the english and scots)
when was wentworth appointed and what
lord deputy of ireland 1632. he was supposed to rule the factions
wentworth initial success
-enhanced the authority of the crown
-allowed the crown to profit more from ireland by increasing customs duties.
irish rebellion
1641 - irish catholics were threatened by the scottish presbytarian and english protestant alliance,
and wentworth was busy in the bishops wars = absence of crown authority
launched a strike againsts protestants in ulster, killing 3000
irish rebellion how many died
1641 killed 3000
hampden case
1637 - gentry man John Hampden was taken to court over his refusal to pay ship tax. narrow majority (7:5) in the crown’s favour.
=charles hoped this would send a message
=> prompted debate over wider constitutional issues and the efficacy of Charles’ rule, Charles’ rule was under strain
william fiennes
opposition to charles
1630 started the Providence Island Company for emigration to the West Indies. Pym was the treasurer
short parliament what happened
-many in the commons were less concerned about the ‘barbaric’ scottish with an army on their border than their own King = twe charles had alienated the population
-charles offered to illegalise ship money but when he realised that more significant concessions would have to be made to get him 12 subsidies, he dissolved parliament
-charles arrested Warwick, Brooke and Fiennes from the HOL and Pym, Hampden from the HOC
=even when facing a clear crisis, he was ultimately too stubborn to work in the country’s interests.
petition of 12 peers - when and what
aug 1640 - the HOL wouldnt offer charles subsidies unless he called another parliament
grievances:
-innovation in religion, increase in popery, ship money, personal rule.
=charles called another parliament = long parliament
