charles political divisions

Question 1

when was the triennial act

Answer 1

feb 1641

Question 2

when was the wentworth and Laud imprisonment

Answer 2

march 1641

Question 3

when was the long parliament

Answer 3

nov 1640 for 12 years as parliament never gave consent for a while

Question 4

when was the protestation of oath

Answer 4

may 1641

Question 5

when was the first army plot

Answer 5

may 1641

Question 6

when was the death of bedford

Answer 6

may 1641

Question 7

when was the act of attainder

Answer 7

may 10th 1641 -> execution of wentworth

Question 8

when was the 10 propositions

Answer 8

june 1641

Question 9

when was the abolishment of tonnage and poundage

Answer 9

june 1641

Question 10

when was the 2nd army plot

Answer 10

june 1641

Question 11

when was the abolition of the court of star chamber and high commission

Answer 11

july 1641

Question 12

when was the irish rebellion

Answer 12

oct 1641

Question 13

when was the grand remonstrance

Answer 13

22nd nov 1641

Question 14

when was the militia bill

Answer 14

dec 1641

Question 15

roles of john pym before long parliament

Answer 15

-influenced buckingham’s impeachment in 1626
-helped pass the petition of right in 1628
-involved in bedford’s bridge appoinment scheme 1641
-became radicalised after the army plot

Question 16

earl of bedford’s proposed financial settlement

Answer 16

-bridged the gap between the crown and parliament
1. abolition of financial and political aspects of personal rule.
2. return to elizabethan protestant church
3. financial settlement with Pym as the chancellor of the exchequer.
=charles was reluctant and bedford died in may 1641 so negotiations collapsed

Question 17

wentworth as a person

Answer 17

-loyal to charles and main advisor.
-harsh to irish
-parliament blamed him as it was safer than directly blaming the king.

Question 18

wentworth’s impeachment

Answer 18

nov 1640 - as he attempted the bring the irish army to england to help charles’ control
+parliament hoped itd make charles stand weaker without councillors and accept reform
-didnt target the whole system

Question 19

bill of attainder

Answer 19

-a medieval method which allowed anyone who was seen as a threat to the state to be removed by Parliament without trial.
-Warwick supported as he wanted WW executed, but Bedford was cautious.
=spurred on by the army plot
204:59 majority to pass the bill. however many were absent.whe

Question 20

when was wentworth executed

Answer 20

12th may 1641
=>charles was less inclined to work with parliamentarm

Question 21

army plot

Answer 21

3rd may 1641 - Pym revealed rumours of a royalist army plot to parliament, to seize the tower of london, release wentworth and dissolve parliement. charles was circumstancially evidenced to be involved

=parliament passed a bill stating they could not be dissolved without consent which was given royal assent on the 10th may

Question 22

protestation oath

Answer 22

1641 reflecting common belief that catholicism and absolutism were linked.

Question 23

the london crowd/mob

Answer 23

Mps were aware they could mobilise Londoners for campaigns eg 15,000 signed the Root & Branch Petition
-they came to defend the tower of london in may amidst rumours about the army plot
=Xmas 1641, Pym used London crowd to pressure the Lords into excluding Bishops.
=>charles had to consider his family’s safety

Question 24

root & branch petition

Answer 24

dec 1640
demanded the end of episcopacy (governance of bishops) and wanted charles’ approval to allow locals control
signed by 15,000 of the london mob
debated in parliament however many saw the removal of bishops as dismantling the social order. led to moderated like Hyde becoming supporters of charles.
=>prefigured subsequent political allegiances.
=>was rejected 8th June 1641 by the Lords

Question 25

Triennial Act

Answer 25

15th feb 1641
-abolished ship money without parliamentary consent
-charles had to call a parliament for 50+ days every 3 years +NO PERSONAL RULE.

Question 26

establishment of the royalist party

Answer 26

why? MPs agreed for prevention of personal rule but were split about methods.
bill of attainder broke unity of HOC as some thought it was constitutionally dangerous
=labelled constitutional royalists as many liked the monarchy but just not charles rather than radical puritans like pym who posed more of a threat to the moderate protestant church, and law & order

Question 27

10 propositions

Answer 27

june 1641 - the king would need to make concessions:
1. parliamentary input to the privy council
2. parliamentary control to those around the queen
3. parliamentary control over religious education of the royal children.
=no way will charles agree to this.

Question 28

cumbernuald band

Answer 28

aug 1640 - 18 scots including the earl of montrose signed this stating their defence of the king
=charles liked this and so accepted the abolishment of episcopacy and reform. he did this to distinguish divisions in scotland and to pacify long parliament. he left for scotland

Question 29

when was the incident

Answer 29

oct 1641

Question 30

what was the incident

Answer 30

oct 1641 - while charles was in scotland, there was a royalist plot to kidnap radical scottish covenanter leaders.
=>destroyed charles’ hope of gaining scottish support as he was linked to the plot

Question 31

when did charles leave scotland

Answer 31

17th nov 1641 - with no scottish support due to the incident

Question 32

the grand remonstrance

Answer 32

introduced by pym:
-list of criticisms of charles’ government since 1625, and that the king could not be trusted with an army to squash the irish rebellion
-careful not the accuse the king directly, moreso his councillors
-used heavily anti-catholic language
-people debated whether to publish it which caused divisions in the HOC, debate lasted 12 hours.

Question 33

additional instruction to the grand remonstrance

Answer 33

if parl was to raise an army for the irish rebellion, parliament should approve charles’ appointment for councillors
=won only 151:110
=>not all MPs were radical and wanted to uproot the system

Question 34

militia bill

Answer 34

dec 1641 - forced MPs to take sides on who should command the army
-remove king’s power over trained bands
-give parl power to appoint army commanders.
=revolutionary as it challenged Charles’ prerogative right and transferred it to parliament
=>charles positioned hismelf as the defendedr of ‘fundamental law’ against revolutionaries.

Question 35

when was the five members coup

Answer 35

jan 1642

Question 36

what was the 5 members coup

Answer 36

charles announced the impeachment of his key rivals: Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Edward Montagu

=complete failure, on jan 4th he entered the commons and forced the arrest but they had been forewarned and left.

Question 37

consequences of the 5 members coup

Answer 37

-pym used this as evidence of the danger charles posed to MPs and his absolutism
-led to demonstrations against charles so he had to leave with his family to Hampton Court for safety

Question 38

exclusion bill

Answer 38

dec 1641 petition had 30,000 signatures
= feb 1641 lords accepted as they were pressured by the london mob.
-stopped bishops from sitting in the HOL

Question 39

militia ordinance

Answer 39

feb 1642 - to support the ordinance, Parliament ironically proposed the raising of £400,000 in SHIP MONEY

Question 40

consequences of the militia ordiance

Answer 40

btoh royalists and parliamentarians tried to control local ammunition stores in preparation for war. Charles tried to seize ammunition in Hull
-gentry in Yorkshire attempted to make neutrality pacts and prevent war through kinship ties but this was futile as both sides were preparing for war.

Question 41

19 propositions

Answer 41

june 1642 - Parliamentary demands for a negotiated settlement
-privy councillors to be approved by parliament
-impeached MPs to be pardoned
-charles to accept triennial and militia
-parliament direct the reformation of the church
=charles responded by saying it would lead to ‘a dark equal chaos of confusion’

Question 42

ehat is iconoclasm

Answer 42

destruction of icons in the church - countered Laudian measures
-Pym encouraged it in Sep 1641w

Question 43

when was war declared

Answer 43

22nd august 1641

Question 44

factors in the outbreak of civil war

Answer 44

1. charles’ (personal) rule & stubbornness
2. parliament seeking independence
3. scottish rebellion inspired it
4. religion
5. foreign policy strains