Reasons for Scottish Victory Flashcards
What mistake did the English make due to overconfidence?
They underestimated the Scots, believing their victory at Dunbar meant superiority.
Who were the English commanders at Stirling Bridge, and what were their issues?
Hugh de Cressingham, with little military experience, and the Earl of Surrey, who was in poor health.
What was the planning mistake made by Cressingham?
He rejected the option of crossing at a ford, choosing the narrow bridge instead.
What problem did the English army face with the bridge?
The bridge was too narrow for cavalry, causing a bottleneck and no chance for escape.
What was the Scottish advantage in positioning?
The Scots were positioned on high ground on Abbey Craig, giving them a tactical advantage.
What was the Scottish advantage in positioning?
The Scots were positioned on high ground on Abbey Craig, giving them a tactical advantage.
How did the Scots’ tactics contribute to their victory?
They used schiltrons (dense formations of spearmen), which were difficult for cavalry to break. They moved as a unit, using mobility to surprise the English.
How did the leadership of Wallace and Murray contribute to the Scottish victory?
They chose the battleground well, surveyed the land, and knew that the marshy ground would hinder English cavalry.
Why was the timing of the Scottish attack significant?
The Scots attacked quickly, trapping the English. If they had attacked too early, the English vanguard would have been more prepared.
